Fat Loss
Research compounds studied for their role in appetite regulation, lipolysis, and metabolic function. Includes GLP-1 agonists, GH fragments, and GH secretagogues.
Most researched for Fat Loss
Semaglutide
The most extensively studied compound in this category with the largest clinical trial dataset. A GLP-1 receptor agonist that reduces appetite by slowing gastric emptying and signaling satiety to the brain. Weekly dosing and distinct mechanism from other compounds here make it the most commonly referenced starting point.
Ibutamoren
aka MK-677, MK-677, Nutrobal, MK-0677
How it works: An oral compound that signals your body to release more of its own growth hormone, studied for muscle growth, recovery, and deeper sleep.
GH and IGF-1 elevation; muscle mass; recovery; sleep quality; anti-aging
Research dose
10-25 mg, Once daily (oral)
Real-world (reported)
10–25 mg nightly. Many prefer 10–12.5 mg long-term. 5 on/2 off used by some.
Administration
Oral
Timing
Evening (aligns with GH pulse and sleep)
Cycle length
8–12 wks on; 4–8 wks off; long-term use debated
Real-world figures are community-reported, not medical advice.
Common side effects: Increased appetite (strong); water retention; fatigue first 2 wks; mild joint pain
Community take: [ANECDOTAL] Very widely used. Sleep improvement and vivid dreams. 10 mg preferred for fewer sides.
- Onset
- Appetite increase within days; body composition 8+ wks
- Half-life
- ~24h
- Storage
- Dry: Room temp; dry; away from heat/moisture
- Reconstitution
- N/A (oral)
- Rare side effects
- Insulin resistance/glucose elevation (significant at 25 mg); theoretical tumor risk
- Contraindications
- Type 2 diabetes or insulin resistance; active malignancy; pregnancy; History of or risk factors for congestive heart failure (identified safety signa; Diabetes mellitus or prediabetes (MK-677 increases fasting glucose and reduces i; Active malignancy or history of cancer (elevated IGF-1 may promote tumor growth); Not approved for human use; investigational compound onlyFrequency distribution
- Drug interactions
- Insulin/antidiabetics (glucose monitoring); CNS depressants (additive sedation)
- Recommended bloodwork
- IGF-1 (baseline + 4–8 wks); fasting glucose; HbA1c; fasting insulin
- Stacks well with
- CJC-1295+Ipamorelin: triple GH stimulation (monitor IGF-1). BPC-157: recovery stack.
- Secondary uses
- Bone density; fat loss; cognitive function; skin quality
- Research status
- Multiple Phase 2 human trials; no FDA approval; investigational drug status
- FDA status
- No
- Legal status
- US: Not FDA-approved; investigational drug; sold as research chemical · UK: Legal to import as research chemical · Canada: Legal research chemical · Australia: Schedule 4 · EU: Research chemical most EU
- Typical price
- $30–$70 / month supply
- Research evidence
- moderate
- Indications
- Growth hormone deficiency (investigational); Age-related sarcopenia and frailty (investigational); Bone density and osteoporosis research; Body composition improvement in elderly populations
- Chemical data
- CAS 159634-47-6 · C27H36N4O5S · 528.67 Da
- Amino acids
- 51 aa
Semaglutide
aka Ozempic, Wegovy, Rybelsus
How it works: Mimics GLP-1 hormone to slow gastric emptying and reduce appetite signals in the brain.
Type 2 diabetes (Ozempic); chronic weight management (Wegovy)
Research dose
0.25-2.4 mg, Once weekly (SubQ); Rybelsus: 3–14 mg oral daily
Real-world (reported)
Titration: 0.25 mg wk 1–4, 0.5 mg wk 5–8, increase per tolerance
Administration
SubQ (Ozempic/Wegovy); Oral (Rybelsus)
Timing
Once weekly (SubQ); morning 30 min before food (oral)
Cycle length
Chronic; titration: 0.25 mg ×4 wk → 0.5 → 1 → 1.7 → 2.4 mg
Real-world figures are community-reported, not medical advice.
Common side effects: Nausea (30–50%); vomiting; diarrhea; constipation; injection-site reactions
Community take: [ANECDOTAL] Most discussed weight-loss peptide 2023–2026. Titration: 0.25 mg → increase per tolerance.
- Onset
- Appetite suppression 1 wk; weight loss 8–16 wks
- Half-life
- ~7 days
- Storage
- Dry: Refrigerate 2–8°C; do not freeze auto-injectors; in-use pen: room temp ≤56 days · Reconstituted: Compounded: 28 days refrigerated
- Reconstitution
- Verify mg/mL carefully for compounded versions
- Rare side effects
- Pancreatitis; gallstones; gastroparesis; thyroid C-cell tumors (black box — animal data); suicidal ideation (rare reports)
- Contraindications
- MEN2 / medullary thyroid cancer history; pancreatitis; pregnancy; Personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) or Multiple Endo; Pregnancy (may cause fetal harm; discontinue at least 2 months before planned co; Prior serious hypersensitivity reaction to semaglutide or any excipient; History of pancreatitis (use with caution; not an absolute contraindication per
- Drug interactions
- Insulin/sulfonylureas (hypoglycemia); oral drugs (gastric emptying delay)
- Recommended bloodwork
- HbA1c; fasting glucose; lipid panel; weight; BP; eGFR; thyroid if concerned; amylase/lipase if symptoms
- Stacks well with
- Cagrilintide: Phase 3 CagriSema combo. Metformin: commonly co-prescribed. Do NOT combine with other GLP-1 agonists.
- Secondary uses
- CV risk reduction; NASH/NAFLD; renal protection; addiction treatment (emerging)
- Research status
- FDA-approved; SUSTAIN (T2D) and STEP (obesity) Phase 3 trials; SELECT 2023 (CV risk)
- FDA status
- Yes (Ozempic T2D; Wegovy obesity)
- Legal status
- US: FDA-approved Ozempic/Wegovy. Compounded: 50+ FDA warning letters Sept 2025; mostly prohibited now · UK: Prescription-only; NHS coverage some cases · Canada: Prescription-only under Health Canada · Australia: TGA-approved (Ozempic, Wegovy) · EU: EMA-approved; prescription across EU
- Typical price
- Brand $800–$1,200/month (US without insurance)
- Research evidence
- high
- Indications
- Type 2 diabetes glycemic control; Chronic weight management in adults with obesity or overweight; Cardiovascular risk reduction in overweight/obese adults
- Chemical data
- CAS 910463-68-2 · C187H291N45O59 · 4113.58 Da
- Amino acids
- 2666 aa
Tirzepatide
aka GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist, dual GIP/GLP-1 agonist, Mounjaro, Zepbound
How it works: Dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor activation reduces appetite and improves glucose control while modulating CNS behavior pathways.
Weight management, metabolic control, behavioral dysregulation in neurodevelopmental disorders
Research dose
5-5 mg, Weekly
Real-world (reported)
Same titration as Ozempic. Community max tolerated often 5–10 mg (full 15 mg significant GI burden).
Administration
Injection
Timing
Once weekly any time
Cycle length
Chronic; titration: 2.5 mg ×4 wk; +2.5 mg q4wk to max 15 mg
Real-world figures are community-reported, not medical advice.
Common side effects: Well tolerated (specific adverse events not detailed in case report)
Community take: This case report suggests tirzepatide may have therapeutic potential beyond standard weight management, particularly in rare neurodevelopmental disorders with behavioral and metabolic phenotypes like Smith-Magenis syndrome.
- Onset
- 10 months for measurable weight loss and behavioral improvement
- Half-life
- ~5 days
- Storage
- Dry: Refrigerate 2–8°C; room temp ≤30°C up to 21 days in-use; do not freeze
- Reconstitution
- N/A (auto-injector)
- Rare side effects
- Pancreatitis; gallstones; thyroid C-cell tumors (black box — animal); gastroparesis; tachycardia (HR increase in trials)
- Contraindications
- MEN2/medullary thyroid history; pancreatitis; pregnancy; Personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) or Multiple Endo; Pregnancy (may cause fetal harm based on animal data; discontinue at least 2 mon; Prior serious hypersensitivity reaction to tirzepatide or any excipient; History of pancreatitis (use with caution; not an absolute contraindication per
- Drug interactions
- Insulin/sulfonylureas (hypoglycemia); oral drug absorption affected by gastric emptying
- Recommended bloodwork
- HbA1c; fasting glucose; lipid panel; weight; BP; HR; eGFR; amylase/lipase if symptoms
- Stacks well with
- Cagrilintide: Phase 3 combo (active). Metformin: common co-prescription. Do NOT combine with semaglutide.
- Secondary uses
- Fasting glucose reduction, aggression reduction, food-seeking behavior control
- Research status
- Clinical case report; FDA approved for weight management in general population
- FDA status
- Yes (Mounjaro T2D; Zepbound obesity)
- Legal status
- US: FDA-approved (Mounjaro, Zepbound). Compounded: FDA enforcement mirrors semaglutide — mostly prohibited. · UK: Prescription-only; NICE approved some cases · Canada: Prescription-only under Health Canada · Australia: TGA-approved (Mounjaro; Zepbound approval underway) · EU: EMA-approved (Mounjaro)
- Typical price
- Brand $1,000–$1,300/month (US without insurance)
- Research evidence
- high
- Indications
- Type 2 diabetes glycemic control; Chronic weight management in adults with obesity or overweight; Cardiovascular risk reduction in obesity (under investigation)
- Chemical data
- CAS 2023788-19-2 · C225H348N48O68 · 4813.45 Da
- Amino acids
- 2069 aa
Liraglutide
aka Victoza, Saxenda, NN2211
How it works: A daily GLP-1 medication and the predecessor to semaglutide, which slows digestion and reduces appetite for weight loss and blood-sugar control.
Type 2 diabetes (Victoza); obesity/weight management (Saxenda)
Research dose
0.6-3 mg, Once daily (SubQ); titrate over 5 weeks
Real-world (reported)
Titrate: 0.6 mg/day wk 1; 1.2 mg wk 2; 1.8 mg wk 3; 2.4 mg wk 4; 3.0 mg wk 5+.
Administration
SubQ
Timing
Once daily any time (consistent)
Cycle length
Chronic maintenance
Real-world figures are community-reported, not medical advice.
Common side effects: Nausea (very common); vomiting; diarrhea; constipation; injection-site reactions
Community take: [ANECDOTAL] Largely superseded by semaglutide and tirzepatide for weight loss. Still used when weekly injections are not tolerated. Daily dosing inconvenience is main complaint.
- Onset
- GI effects 1 wk; weight loss 8–16 wks
- Half-life
- ~13h
- Storage
- Dry: Refrigerate 2–8°C; room temp up to 30 days in-use; do not freeze · Reconstituted: N/A (pen discarded after use)
- Reconstitution
- N/A (pre-filled pen)
- Rare side effects
- Pancreatitis; gallstones; thyroid C-cell tumors (black box); gastroparesis
- Contraindications
- MEN2/medullary thyroid history; pancreatitis history; pregnancy; Personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) or Multiple Endo; Prior serious hypersensitivity reaction to liraglutide or any excipient; Pregnancy (Category X); Do not use with other GLP-1 receptor agonists (e.g.; semaglutide; exenatide; tir
- Drug interactions
- Insulin/sulfonylureas (hypoglycemia); oral drug absorption (gastric emptying)
- Recommended bloodwork
- HbA1c; fasting glucose; weight; BP; eGFR; lipid panel; amylase/lipase if symptoms
- Stacks well with
- Semaglutide: more potent alternative (weekly). Tirzepatide: dual agonist alternative.
- Secondary uses
- CV risk reduction; NASH; renal protection
- Research status
- FDA-approved Phase 3 SCALE and LEADER trials
- FDA status
- Yes (Victoza T2D; Saxenda obesity)
- Legal status
- US: FDA-approved (Victoza, Saxenda) · UK: Prescription-only; NICE approved · Canada: Prescription-only (Health Canada) · Australia: TGA-approved · EU: EMA-approved
- Typical price
- Brand ~$500–$900/month (Saxenda US without insurance)
- Research evidence
- high
- Indications
- Type 2 diabetes glycemic control; Chronic weight management in adults with obesity or overweight; Adolescent obesity (ages 12-17); Cardiovascular risk reduction in T2D patients
- Chemical data
- CAS 204656-20-2 · C172H265N43O51 · 3751.2 Da
- Amino acids
- 2671 aa
AOD-9604
aka hGH Frag 177-191, Anti-Obesity Drug 9604, hGH Fragment 176-191
How it works: Mimics the fat-metabolizing region of growth hormone without affecting insulin or blood glucose.
Fat loss; lipolysis; metabolic enhancement
Research dose
250-500 mcg, Once daily AM fasted
Real-world (reported)
300 mcg SubQ fasted AM daily. Local injection near stubborn fat deposits used by some.
Administration
SubQ
Timing
Morning fasted 30 min before food
Cycle length
12–16 weeks
Real-world figures are community-reported, not medical advice.
Common side effects: Generally mild; mild injection-site reactions; headache (rare)
Community take: [ANECDOTAL] Popular in Australian market (TGA cosmetic listing). Results often modest. Weaker than GLP-1s for meaningful fat loss.
- Onset
- Acute lipolysis within days; cumulative fat loss weeks
- Half-life
- <1h
- Storage
- Dry: Fridge 2–8°C; freeze >6 mo · Reconstituted: Refrigerate; use within 28 days
- Reconstitution
- Add 2 mL BAC water to 5 mg vial = 2.5 mg/mL; 500 mcg = 20 IU
- Rare side effects
- Modern trials showed modest/disappointing weight loss efficacy; safety profile excellent
- Contraindications
- Active malignancy; pregnancy; Active malignancy or history of cancer (theoretical concern due to hGH derivatio; Pregnancy or breastfeeding (no reproductive safety data available); Hypersensitivity to AOD-9604 or any formulation components; Children and adolescents (no pediatric safety data)Frequency distribution of rep
- Drug interactions
- No significant documented interactions
- Recommended bloodwork
- Fasting glucose; lipid panel; body composition
- Stacks well with
- CJC-1295+Ipa: recomp stack. Tesofensine: fat-loss stack.
- Secondary uses
- Anti-obesity; potential cartilage/bone effects (emerging)
- Research status
- Australian clinical trials (Phase 2/3 by Metabolic Pharmaceuticals ~2006); FDA Phase 2 complete; no approval; TGA cosmetic listed
- FDA status
- No (TGA cosmetic listed — Australia)
- Legal status
- US: Not FDA-approved; research chemical · UK: Legal for research · Canada: Legal research chemical · Australia: TGA cosmetic listing = semi-legal in Australia (unique status) · EU: Varies by EU member state
- Typical price
- $25–$50 / 5 mg vial
- Research evidence
- moderate
- Indications
- Fat metabolism and lipolysis research; Obesity and weight management studies; Cartilage and joint repair research; Growth hormone fragment pharmacology; Metabolic syndrome research
- Chemical data
- CAS 221231-10-3 · C78H123N23O23S2 · 1815.12 Da
- Amino acids
- 63 aa
Sermorelin Acetate
aka Sermorelin, GHRH(1-29), GRF 1-29
How it works: Prompts the pituitary to release your own growth hormone in a natural pulse, studied for body composition, recovery, and sleep.
GH stimulation; body composition; sleep; anti-aging (clinic use)
Research dose
100-500 mcg, Once daily pre-bed
Real-world (reported)
200–300 mcg pre-bed SubQ. Stack with ipamorelin 200 mcg for synergy.
Administration
SubQ
Timing
Pre-bed on empty stomach
Cycle length
8–16 weeks
Real-world figures are community-reported, not medical advice.
Common side effects: Mild flushing/head rush; injection-site reactions; water retention
Community take: [ANECDOTAL] Considered the 'classic' GHRH; less potent than CJC-1295 no DAC but well-tolerated. Often first Rx GH peptide prescribed by clinics.
- Onset
- GH pulse 30 min; body composition weeks–months
- Half-life
- ~10–20 min
- Storage
- Dry: Fridge 2–8°C; freeze long-term · Reconstituted: Refrigerate; use within 28 days
- Reconstitution
- Add 2 mL BAC water to 3 mg vial = 1.5 mg/mL; 100 mcg = ~6.7 IU
- Rare side effects
- Joint pain at high doses; blood sugar changes
- Contraindications
- Active malignancy; pregnancy; hypothyroidism (treat first); Active malignancy or history of cancer (GH-dependent tumors); Hypersensitivity to sermorelin or GHRH analogs; Acute critical illness (GH may worsen outcomes in critically ill patients); Active proliferative diabetic retinopathy
- Drug interactions
- Glucocorticoids blunt response
- Recommended bloodwork
- IGF-1 (baseline + 4–8 wks); fasting glucose
- Stacks well with
- Ipamorelin: recommended combination. Less potent than Mod GRF 1-29 but well-studied.
- Secondary uses
- IGF-1 elevation; muscle preservation; skin quality
- Research status
- Was FDA-approved (Geref, withdrawn 2008 by manufacturer); widely used in compounding practice; human data solid
- FDA status
- No (Rx compounded)
- Legal status
- US: Not FDA-approved (Geref withdrawn); compounding legal; gray-market research chemical · UK: Legal for research; Rx compounding available · Canada: Legal research chemical or Rx · Australia: Schedule 4 (Rx) · EU: Varies by member state
- Typical price
- $30–$60 / 3 mg vial
- Research evidence
- moderate
- Indications
- Growth hormone deficiency diagnostic testing; Anti-aging and regenerative medicine research; GH secretion stimulation studies; Combined GHRH/GHRP protocol investigations
- Chemical data
- CAS 86168-78-7 · C149H246N44O42S · 3357.88 Da
- Amino acids
- 235 aa
Tesamorelin
aka Egrifta, TH9507, Tesamorelin Acetate
How it works: A GHRH analog with FDA approval for visceral fat reduction in HIV-associated lipodystrophy.
Visceral fat reduction (FDA-approved HIV lipodystrophy); GH/IGF-1 elevation; body composition
Research dose
1-2 mg, Once daily SubQ
Real-world (reported)
1–2 mg SubQ daily in morning. Anti-aging clinics often use 1 mg/day. Gray-market users often prefer cheaper CJC-1295.
Administration
SubQ
Timing
Morning before breakfast preferred
Cycle length
12–16 weeks (FDA protocol); off-label: longer
Real-world figures are community-reported, not medical advice.
Common side effects: Flushing; injection-site reactions; arthralgia; edema; paresthesia
Community take: [ANECDOTAL] Highly regarded in anti-aging clinic setting for visceral fat. More expensive than CJC-1295 but FDA-validated for VAT reduction.
- Onset
- IGF-1 rise within 2 wks; visceral fat reduction 8–12 wks
- Half-life
- ~26–38 min
- Storage
- Dry: Fridge 2–8°C; do not freeze; protect from light · Reconstituted: Refrigerate; use within 28 days; discard if cloudy
- Reconstitution
- Add 2.2 mL sterile water (kit) or BAC water to 1 mg vial = ~0.5 mg/mL; 1 mg dose = ~2 mL
- Rare side effects
- Glucose elevation; IGF-1 elevation beyond normal range at high dose; possible malignancy promotion (theoretical)
- Contraindications
- Active malignancy; pregnancy; hypothalamic/pituitary tumor; disrupted HPA axis; Active malignancy (GH may promote tumor growth); Pregnancy (Category X based on animal reproduction studies); Disruption of hypothalamic-pituitary axis due to hypophysectomy; hypopituitarism; Known hypersensitivity to tesamorelin or mannitolFrequency distribution of repor
- Drug interactions
- Glucocorticoids; cytochrome P450 substrates (modest effect via GH)
- Recommended bloodwork
- IGF-1 (every 3 mo); fasting glucose; HbA1c; waist circumference; lipid panel
- Stacks well with
- Ipamorelin: GH axis stack. CJC-1295 no DAC: alternative or complementary GHRH.
- Secondary uses
- Anti-aging; muscle preservation; cognitive function (emerging data)
- Research status
- FDA-approved Phase 3 LIPO trials; additional data on cognitive function in HIV patients
- FDA status
- Yes (Egrifta — HIV lipodystrophy)
- Legal status
- US: FDA-approved (HIV lipodystrophy only); off-label compounding available · UK: Prescription-only · Canada: Prescription-only (Health Canada) · Australia: Schedule 4 (Rx) · EU: EMA-approved limited indication
- Typical price
- $80–$150 / 1 mg vial (brand Egrifta very expensive)
- Research evidence
- high
- Indications
- HIV-associated lipodystrophy treatment; Visceral fat reduction; Growth hormone deficiency research; Cognitive function research (NASH trials)
- Chemical data
- CAS 218949-48-5 · C221H366N72O67S1 · 5135.9 Da
- Amino acids
- 2203 aa
GHRP-2
aka Pralmorelin, KP-102, Growth Hormone Releasing Peptide-2
How it works: Triggers a strong pulse of your own growth hormone for body composition and recovery, though it also nudges up cortisol and prolactin.
Strong GH pulse stimulation; body composition; recovery
Research dose
100-300 mcg, 1–3×/day
Real-world (reported)
100–200 mcg pre-bed or pre-workout. Stack with Mod GRF 1-29. Monitor mood (cortisol).
Administration
SubQ / IM
Timing
Pre-bed or pre-workout
Cycle length
8–12 wks on; 4 wks off
Real-world figures are community-reported, not medical advice.
Common side effects: Head rush; flushing; cortisol/prolactin bump; increased hunger; injection-site reactions
Community take: [ANECDOTAL] Strong GH release but cortisol/prolactin spike makes it less popular than ipamorelin. Used by more experienced users who want stronger GH stimulus.
- Onset
- GH pulse within 30 min; body composition weeks
- Half-life
- ~30 min
- Storage
- Dry: Fridge 2–8°C; freeze long-term · Reconstituted: Refrigerate; use within 28 days
- Reconstitution
- Add 2 mL BAC water to 2 mg vial = 1 mg/mL; 100 mcg = 10 IU
- Rare side effects
- Significant cortisol elevation (stress hormone concern long-term); prolactin elevation
- Contraindications
- Active malignancy; depression (cortisol); pregnancy; prolactin-sensitive conditions; Pituitary tumors (risk of stimulating tumor growth through GH axis activation); Active cancer (theoretical risk from chronic GH/IGF-1 axis stimulation); Pregnancy (no safety data available in pregnant women)Frequency distribution of; GH/IGF-1 axis drugs (recombinant GH; IGF-1; GHRH analogs) - potential for additi
- Drug interactions
- Glucocorticoids; aromatase inhibitors; prolactin-modulating drugs
- Recommended bloodwork
- IGF-1; cortisol (morning); prolactin; fasting glucose
- Stacks well with
- CJC-1295 no DAC: standard GHRH pair. Less preferred than ipamorelin due to cortisol/prolactin.
- Secondary uses
- IGF-1 elevation; healing; muscle mass
- Research status
- Preclinical robust; human clinical trial data as Pralmorelin (Japan); compounding protocols
- FDA status
- No
- Legal status
- US: Research use only · UK: Legal for research · Canada: Legal research chemical · Australia: Schedule 4 · EU: Unregulated
- Typical price
- $20–$40 / 2 mg vial
- Research evidence
- moderate
- Indications
- GH deficiency diagnosis (approved in Japan); Growth hormone research; Appetite stimulation studies; Neuroendocrine function testing
- Chemical data
- CAS 158861-67-7 · C45H55N9O6 · 817.9 Da
- Amino acids
- 235 aa
hGH Fragment 176-191
aka hGH Frag 176-191, AOD hGH frag, AOD-9604
How it works: Isolates the lipolytic region of growth hormone, promoting fat breakdown without IGF-1 stimulation.
Fat loss; lipolysis; anti-obesity
Research dose
250-500 mcg, Once daily AM fasted
Real-world (reported)
300–500 mcg SubQ fasted AM daily.
Administration
SubQ
Timing
Morning fasted 30 min before food
Cycle length
12–16 wks
Real-world figures are community-reported, not medical advice.
Common side effects: Generally mild; injection-site reactions; headache (rare)
Community take: [ANECDOTAL] Popular in Australian market. Results modest vs GLP-1 alternatives. Local injection into fat areas used by some.
- Onset
- Acute lipolysis within days; body composition weeks
- Half-life
- <1h
- Storage
- Dry: Fridge 2–8°C; freeze long-term · Reconstituted: Refrigerate; use within 28 days
- Reconstitution
- Add 2 mL BAC water to 5 mg vial = 2.5 mg/mL; 500 mcg = 20 IU
- Rare side effects
- Phase 2 results modest; limited long-term data
- Contraindications
- Active malignancy; pregnancy; Pregnancy and lactation (no reproductive safety data available); Active malignancy (precautionary; insufficient long-term oncogenicity data); Known hypersensitivity to AOD-9604 or formulation componentsFrequency distributi; Insulin and sulfonylureas: theoretical additive glycemic effects; monitor glucos
- Drug interactions
- No significant interactions
- Recommended bloodwork
- Fasting glucose; lipid panel; body composition
- Stacks well with
- CJC-1295+Ipamorelin: GH recomp stack.
- Secondary uses
- Bone density (some data); cartilage repair (limited)
- Research status
- Preclinical robust; Phase 2 human data (Metabolic Pharmaceuticals); TGA cosmetic listed in Australia
- FDA status
- No
- Legal status
- US: Not FDA-approved; research chemical · UK: Legal for research · Canada: Legal research chemical · Australia: TGA cosmetic listed — unique semi-legal status AU · EU: Varies by EU state
- Typical price
- $25–$50 / 5 mg vial
- Research evidence
- low
- Indications
- Fat metabolism and lipolysis research; Anti-obesity peptide investigations; Metabolic syndrome research; Body composition studies
- Chemical data
- CAS 221231-10-3 · C78H125N23O23S2 · 1817.12 Da
- Amino acids
- 16 aa
CJC-1295 with DAC
aka CJC-1295 DAC, Drug Affinity Complex CJC-1295, Modified GRF(1-29) with DAC
How it works: A long-acting growth-hormone booster that keeps GH and IGF-1 elevated for days from one dose, studied for body composition and anti-aging.
Sustained GH/IGF-1 elevation; body composition; anti-aging; less frequent dosing
Research dose
1-2 mg, Once or twice per week
Real-world (reported)
1–2 mg SubQ 1–2×/week. Less popular than no-DAC version in community.
Administration
SubQ
Timing
Any time (long half-life)
Cycle length
8–12 weeks
Real-world figures are community-reported, not medical advice.
Common side effects: Fluid retention; numbness/tingling; water retention; flushing (less acute than pulsatile)
Community take: [ANECDOTAL] Convenient (once or twice weekly). However community has moved toward CJC-1295 no DAC for more physiological pulsatile profile. 'Blunts natural rhythm.'
- Onset
- GH/IGF-1 elevation within days; sustained; body composition weeks–months
- Half-life
- ~6–8 days
- Storage
- Dry: Fridge 2–8°C; freeze long-term · Reconstituted: Refrigerate; use within 28 days
- Reconstitution
- Add 2 mL BAC water to 2 mg vial = 1 mg/mL; 1 mg dose = 100 IU
- Rare side effects
- IGF-1 elevation beyond normal range (tonic elevation risk); tumor promotion (theoretical); joint pain
- Contraindications
- Active malignancy; pregnancy; hypothyroidism; Active malignancy or history of cancer (GH/IGF-1 may promote tumor growth); Pregnancy and breastfeeding (no safety data); Known hypersensitivity to CJC-1295 or any excipients; Uncontrolled diabetes (GH elevation may worsen glucose tolerance)
- Drug interactions
- Glucocorticoids; insulin
- Recommended bloodwork
- IGF-1 (baseline + every 4–6 wks; more important than with short-acting); fasting glucose; thyroid
- Stacks well with
- Does NOT need to be stacked with GHRP as urgently as no-DAC. Some stack with ipamorelin for added pulse.
- Secondary uses
- Muscle preservation; fat loss; sleep quality
- Research status
- Preclinical; human compounding clinical use; some concern about tonic vs pulsatile GH regarding safety
- FDA status
- No
- Legal status
- US: Research use only · UK: Legal for research · Canada: Legal research chemical · Australia: Schedule 4 · EU: Unregulated
- Typical price
- $30–$70 / 2 mg vial
- Research evidence
- moderate
- Indications
- Growth hormone deficiency research; Age-related GH decline investigation; Body composition research; Anti-aging and longevity research
- Chemical data
- CAS 863288-34-0 · C165H271N47O46 · 3647.28 Da
- Amino acids
- 38 aa
5-Amino-1MQ
aka 5-Amino-1-methylquinolinium, 5A1MQ, NNMTi
How it works: Blocks an enzyme (NNMT) that slows metabolism, helping fat cells burn energy instead of storing it - studied for fat loss, especially belly fat.
Fat loss (particularly visceral); metabolic rate increase; NAD+ pathway support
Research dose
50-150 mg, Once daily (oral)
Real-world (reported)
50–100 mg oral daily. Some stack with NAD+ precursors (NMN/NR).
Administration
Oral
Timing
Any time
Cycle length
8–12 weeks
Real-world figures are community-reported, not medical advice.
Common side effects: Limited human data: fatigue (rare); GI upset (mild); headache
Community take: [ANECDOTAL – biohacker community] Reports of meaningful fat loss especially visceral fat. 'Works where diet alone fails.' Limited community size vs mainstream peptides.
- Onset
- Energy increase within days; body composition changes 8+ wks
- Half-life
- ~6h estimated
- Storage
- Dry: Room temperature; dry
- Reconstitution
- N/A (oral)
- Rare side effects
- No human safety data; unknown long-term effects
- Contraindications
- Active malignancy; pregnancy; No formal contraindications established (no human studies); Theoretical concern for individuals with NNMT-dependent cancers; Theoretical concern for pregnancy/lactation (no reproductive toxicity data)Frequ; No drug interaction studies have been conducted
- Drug interactions
- Limited interaction data
- Recommended bloodwork
- Fasting glucose; HbA1c; body composition; lipid panel; NAD+ levels (research context)
- Stacks well with
- MOTS-c: metabolic synergy (AMPK activation + NNMT inhibition). Tesofensine: fat-loss stack.
- Secondary uses
- Muscle mass preservation; insulin sensitivity; longevity (emerging)
- Research status
- Preclinical animal data (obesity models); no published human clinical trials as of 2026; gray-market community use
- FDA status
- No
- Legal status
- US: Research use only; not FDA-approved · UK: Legal for research · Canada: Legal research chemical · Australia: Schedule 4 · EU: Unregulated
- Typical price
- $30–$80 / month supply
- Research evidence
- low
- Indications
- Metabolic research (obesity and adipocyte biology); NAD+ pathway modulation research; Sarcopenia and muscle aging research; NNMT biology investigation
- Chemical data
- CAS 42464-96-0 · C10H11N2+ · 159.21 Da
- Amino acids
- 46 aa
Tesofensine
aka NS2330, TE-0911, Tesofen
How it works: A brain-acting compound that raises dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin to strongly curb appetite and lift metabolism.
Significant weight loss via appetite suppression and metabolic rate increase
Research dose
0.25-1 mg, Once daily (oral)
Real-world (reported)
0.25–0.5 mg oral daily. Start low. Monitor BP and HR closely. Morning dosing only (insomnia risk).
Administration
Oral
Timing
Morning
Cycle length
12–24 weeks
Real-world figures are community-reported, not medical advice.
Common side effects: Dry mouth; nausea; constipation; insomnia; elevated heart rate; increased BP (significant); palpitations
Community take: [ANECDOTAL] Effective for weight loss but cardiovascular effects are real concern. 'Works well but watch your heart rate.' Community consensus: not a starter compound.
- Onset
- Appetite reduction within days; weight loss 4–8 wks
- Half-life
- ~9 days
- Storage
- Dry: Room temperature; dry
- Reconstitution
- N/A (oral)
- Rare side effects
- Significant cardiovascular effects (tachycardia, hypertension); abuse potential (dopaminergic); serotonin syndrome (with serotonergic drugs)
- Contraindications
- Cardiovascular disease; hypertension; arrhythmia; hyperthyroidism; MAOIs; pregnancy; psychiatric disorders; Concurrent use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) - serotonin syndrome risk; Concurrent use of other serotonergic agents (SSRIs; SNRIs; triptans; tramadol) w; Uncontrolled hypertension; Recent (less than 6 months) myocardial infarction or unstable angina
- Drug interactions
- MAOIs (serotonin syndrome); SSRIs/SNRIs; stimulants (additive); antihypertensives (counteracted)
- Recommended bloodwork
- HR and BP (every 2–4 weeks); ECG baseline; weight; fasting glucose
- Stacks well with
- GLP-1 agonists: different mechanism; may combine cautiously (monitor CV carefully). 5-Amino-1MQ: metabolic stack.
- Secondary uses
- Potential Parkinson's adjunct; ADHD (off-label exploration)
- Research status
- Phase 2 human trials for obesity (Astrup et al. 2008 Lancet); Phase 3 initiated; approved in Brazil 2025; not FDA-approved
- FDA status
- No
- Legal status
- US: Not FDA-approved; research chemical; approved Brazil 2025 · UK: Legal for research · Canada: Legal research chemical · Australia: Schedule 4 · EU: Approved Brazil; research chemical in most EU
- Typical price
- $50–$150 / month supply
- Research evidence
- moderate
- Indications
- Investigational treatment for obesity (late-stage clinical development); Previously investigated in Parkinson's disease (discontinued); Previously investigated in Alzheimer's disease (discontinued)
- Chemical data
- CAS 195875-84-4 · C17H26Cl2N2 · 327.85 g/mol
- Amino acids
- 31 aa
Orforglipron
aka LY3502970, OWL-833
How it works: An oral once-daily GLP-1 pill that curbs appetite through the same pathway as semaglutide, without injections.
Obesity; T2D — without injection
Research dose
12-120 mg, Once daily (oral)
Real-world (reported)
Phase 3 dosing only — no established gray-market protocol.
Administration
Oral
Timing
Once daily with or without food
Cycle length
Chronic; titration per protocol
Real-world figures are community-reported, not medical advice.
Common side effects: Nausea; vomiting; diarrhea; constipation (GLP-1 class effect)
Community take: [ANECDOTAL] Very limited gray-market. Phase 2 data drives interest. Oral convenience is key differentiator vs injectable semaglutide.
- Onset
- GI effects within days; weight loss 8–16 wks
- Half-life
- ~12h
- Storage
- Dry: Room temperature; dry
- Reconstitution
- N/A (oral)
- Rare side effects
- Pancreatitis; gallstones; thyroid C-cell tumors (GLP-1 class black box)
- Contraindications
- MEN2/medullary thyroid history; pancreatitis; pregnancy; Personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) or Multiple Endo; Pregnancy (potential fetal harm based on GLP-1 agonist class data); Prior serious hypersensitivity reaction to orforglipron or excipientsFrequency d; Insulin and sulfonylureas: Potential increased risk of hypoglycemia when combine
- Drug interactions
- Oral drug absorption delay; insulin/antidiabetics
- Recommended bloodwork
- HbA1c; fasting glucose; weight; GI symptoms; amylase/lipase
- Stacks well with
- Not combined with injectable GLP-1 agonists. Metformin: common co-treatment in trials.
- Secondary uses
- CV risk reduction; NAFLD; reduced access barriers vs injectable GLP-1s
- Research status
- Phase 3 trials ongoing (Eli Lilly); Phase 2 NEJM 2023 (14.7% weight loss at 36 wks, 45 mg); no FDA approval yet
- FDA status
- No
- Legal status
- US: Not FDA-approved; investigational; gray-market research chemical · UK: Legal for research · Canada: Legal research chemical · Australia: Not TGA-approved · EU: Not EMA-approved
- Typical price
- Variable / limited
- Research evidence
- high
- Indications
- Weight management in adults with obesity or overweight; Type 2 diabetes glycemic control; Cardiometabolic risk factor improvement
- Chemical data
- CAS 2212020-52-3 · C48H48F2N10O5 · 883 Da
- Amino acids
- 77 aa
Mazdutide
aka IBI362, LY3305677, OXM-3
How it works: A weekly fat-loss compound that hits both the GLP-1 appetite pathway and the glucagon pathway, adding extra calorie burn and liver-fat mobilization.
Obesity; metabolic syndrome; NAFLD/NASH; weight loss
Research dose
2-9 mg, Once weekly (SubQ)
Real-world (reported)
2–9 mg weekly per Phase 3 protocol. Very limited community protocols.
Administration
SubQ
Timing
Once weekly any time
Cycle length
Titration per protocol
Real-world figures are community-reported, not medical advice.
Common side effects: Nausea; vomiting; diarrhea; injection-site reactions
Community take: [ANECDOTAL] Primarily Chinese gray-market. Limited Western experience. 'Retatrutide without GIP' shorthand.
- Onset
- GI effects within days; weight loss 8–16 wks
- Half-life
- ~5–7 days
- Storage
- Dry: Fridge 2–8°C · Reconstituted: Refrigerate; use within 28 days
- Reconstitution
- Verify mg/mL from vendor
- Rare side effects
- Pancreatitis; thyroid C-cell (class); gallstones
- Contraindications
- MEN2/thyroid history; pancreatitis; pregnancy; Personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC); Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2 (MEN 2); Known hypersensitivity to mazdutide or excipients; Pregnancy and breastfeeding
- Drug interactions
- Insulin/antidiabetics; do not combine with other GLP-1 agonists
- Recommended bloodwork
- HbA1c; fasting glucose; weight; liver enzymes; amylase/lipase
- Stacks well with
- Not combined with other GLP-1 agonists.
- Secondary uses
- T2D; liver fat reduction; visceral fat
- Research status
- Phase 2/3 human trials (Innovent Biologics/Eli Lilly); primarily Asia-Pacific data; GLORY Phase 3 results 2025
- FDA status
- No
- Legal status
- US: Not FDA-approved; research chemical · UK: Legal for research · Canada: Legal research chemical · Australia: Not TGA-approved · EU: Not EMA-approved
- Typical price
- $100–$300 / vial (limited)
- Research evidence
- high
- Indications
- Obesity and weight management (approved indication in China); Type 2 diabetes treatment (clinical trials); Metabolic syndrome research; Comparative efficacy studies vs semaglutide and tirzepatide
- Chemical data
- CAS 2259884-03-0 · C210H322N46O67 · 4563.1 Da
- Amino acids
- 158 aa
Sermorelin + Ipamorelin
aka Combo, Sermorelin + Ipamorelin Clinic Combination
How it works: Pairs two growth-hormone boosters - Sermorelin and Ipamorelin - to roughly double the GH pulse compared with either alone.
GH axis optimization via two-compound synergistic protocol; body composition; sleep; anti-aging
Research dose
200-300 mcg each, Pre-bed daily or 5 on/2 off
Real-world (reported)
Same as CJC+Ipa: 200–300 mcg each pre-bed SubQ. 5 on/2 off.
Administration
SubQ
Timing
Pre-bed 15–30 min; 2h fast preferred
Cycle length
8–16 wks on; 4–6 wks off
Real-world figures are community-reported, not medical advice.
Common side effects: Same as CJC-1295+Ipa: flushing; water retention; head rush; hunger (milder than GHRP-6)
Community take: [ANECDOTAL] Standard Rx anti-aging clinic protocol. 'What the clinic prescribed.' Community has largely switched to CJC-1295 no DAC for gray-market use (more potent and available).
- Onset
- GH pulse 30 min; sleep 1–2 wks; body composition 8–12 wks
- Half-life
- Sermorelin ~10–20 min; Ipa ~2h
- Storage
- Dry: Fridge 2–8°C; freeze blended vials ≤7 days · Reconstituted: Refrigerate; use within 28 days
- Reconstitution
- Blended vial per compounding pharmacy instructions; or reconstitute separately
- Rare side effects
- Same as CJC+Ipa; joint pain at high dose; glucose changes
- Contraindications
- Active malignancy; pregnancy; hypothyroidism (treat first)
- Drug interactions
- Glucocorticoids; insulin
- Recommended bloodwork
- IGF-1 (baseline + 4–8 wks); fasting glucose; thyroid
- Stacks well with
- Note: CJC-1295 no DAC has replaced Sermorelin in most community use. Sermorelin still used in Rx anti-aging clinics.
- Secondary uses
- Same as CJC+Ipa but using Sermorelin (shorter half-life GHRH; was FDA-approved)
- Research status
- Established anti-aging clinic protocol based on Sermorelin NDA data + ipamorelin preclinical/clinical experience
- FDA status
- No
- Legal status
- US: Compounding pharmacy Rx; gray-market research chemical · UK: Legal for research; Rx compounding · Canada: Legal · Australia: Schedule 4 (Rx) · EU: Varies
- Typical price
- $40–$80 / blended vial
Adipotide
aka CKGGRAKDC-GG-D(KLAKLAK)2, FTPP, Fat-Targeted Proapoptotic Peptide
How it works: An experimental compound that cuts off the blood supply feeding fat tissue, studied for rapid targeted fat loss in animals - research only.
Highly targeted fat loss by destroying blood supply to adipose tissue (research only)
Real-world (reported)
Pure research — not recommended; primate kidney toxicity confirmed
Administration
Research only
Timing
Research only
Cycle length
Research only
Real-world figures are community-reported, not medical advice.
Common side effects: SERIOUS: Kidney toxicity (lethal at effective doses in primates); off-target apoptosis
Community take: [ANECDOTAL] NO ESTABLISHED HUMAN PROTOCOL — DO NOT SELF-ADMINISTER
- Onset
- Research only
- Half-life
- Research only
- Storage
- Dry: N/A — research only
- Reconstitution
- Freeze –20°C
- Rare side effects
- ALL CONTRAINDICATED — no human use
- Contraindications
- All renal-toxic compounds; Pre-existing renal disease or impaired kidney function; Active malignancy (theoretical concern with vascular disruption); Pregnancy and lactation (no safety data); Pediatric populations (no safety data)
- Drug interactions
- Renal panel mandatory if ever used — do not use
- Recommended bloodwork
- Do NOT use in humans
- Stacks well with
- [ANECDOTAL] Extreme fringe reports only. Community consensus: dangerous. Renal toxicity in primates is confirmed.
- Secondary uses
- Obesity research
- Research status
- Primate studies (Kolonin 2004 Nature Medicine); NO human trials; SEVERE renal toxicity at effective doses in primates
- FDA status
- No
- Legal status
- US: Legal for research (extreme caution required) · UK: Legal research chemical · Canada: Schedule 4; extreme risk · Australia: Unregulated; extreme risk · EU: Extremely limited; preclinical research only
- Typical price
- Not applicable
- Research evidence
- low
- Indications
- Obesity and metabolic syndrome research; Adipose tissue biology studies; Vascular-targeted therapeutic development
- Chemical data
- C105H195N33O26S2 · 2460 Da
- Amino acids
- 224 aa
Retatrutide
aka Reta, LY3437943, ELI-002
How it works: Targets three different gut hormones at once to powerfully curb appetite and raise calorie burn - studied as one of the strongest fat-loss compounds yet.
Obesity treatment; weight management; maximal fat loss
Research dose
2-12 mg, Once weekly (SubQ)
Real-world (reported)
Titration: 2 mg wk 1–4; 4 mg next 4 wks; 8 mg if tolerated. Many stop at 4–8 mg.
Administration
SubQ
Timing
Once weekly any time
Cycle length
Titration: 2 mg ×4 wk → 4 → 8 → 12 mg per tolerance
Real-world figures are community-reported, not medical advice.
Common side effects: Nausea; vomiting; diarrhea; constipation; injection-site reactions
Community take: [ANECDOTAL – r/Peptides, r/TransientMeds] Early adopters report 15–25% body weight loss over 3–6 mo. HR increase and nausea main complaints. $6.37/mg median price Q1 2026.
- Onset
- GI effects within days; weight loss 8+ wks
- Half-life
- ~6 days
- Storage
- Dry: Fridge 2–8°C; protect from light · Reconstituted: Refrigerate; use within 28 days
- Reconstitution
- Verify mg/mL from vendor; typically 2 mL BAC water per vial
- Rare side effects
- Heart rate increase (Phase 2: mean +5–7 bpm — unique safety signal); gallstones; pancreatitis; thyroid concern (class effect)
- Contraindications
- MEN2/medullary thyroid history; CV disease with HR sensitivity; pregnancy; active pancreatitis; Personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) (expected class-; Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2 (MEN2) (expected class-based contra; Pregnancy (no safety data; potential fetal risk from weight loss); Known hypersensitivity to retatrutide or any excipient (expected based on class)
- Drug interactions
- Insulin/antidiabetics; tachycardia-inducing drugs (HR monitoring needed)
- Recommended bloodwork
- Fasting glucose; HbA1c; HR and BP; lipid panel; eGFR; weight; amylase/lipase; thyroid
- Stacks well with
- Not combined with other GLP-1 agonists. Metformin may co-prescribe in T2D trials.
- Secondary uses
- T2D; NASH/NAFLD; metabolic syndrome
- Research status
- Phase 2 complete (NEJM 2023); Phase 3 TRIUMPH trials ongoing; no FDA approval yet
- FDA status
- No (Phase 3 ongoing 2026)
- Legal status
- US: Not FDA-approved; research chemical; not legally compounded · UK: Legal research chemical · Canada: Legal research chemical · Australia: Not TGA-approved; Schedule 4 importation risk · EU: Not EMA-approved; research chemical
- Typical price
- $2.77–$6.37+/mg; 10 mg vial $80–$120; 30 mg ~$200
- Research evidence
- low
- Indications
- Investigational treatment for obesity; Investigational treatment for type 2 diabetes; Under study for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)
- Chemical data
- CAS 2381089-83-2 · C221H342N46O68 · 4731.41 Da
- Amino acids
- 3069 aa
Follistatin-344
aka FST-344, FST, Activin-Binding Protein
How it works: Blocks myostatin (the muscle-growth limiter) like FST-315, but circulates more widely for a more systemic, whole-body effect.
Muscle hypertrophy; fat loss; anti-catabolic — more systemic than FST-315
Research dose
100-200 mcg, 2×/week
Real-world (reported)
100–200 mcg SubQ 2×/week. Monitor FSH/testosterone closely.
Administration
SubQ / IM
Timing
Post-workout
Cycle length
4–8 weeks; 4+ weeks off
Real-world figures are community-reported, not medical advice.
Common side effects: Injection-site; headache; possible excessive muscle growth; FSH suppression
Community take: [ANECDOTAL] Even more limited than FST-315 due to systemic effects and FSH impact. Advanced bodybuilding only.
- Onset
- Anabolic effects 2–4 wks
- Half-life
- Hours
- Storage
- Dry: Freeze –20°C · Reconstituted: Refrigerate; use within 7–14 days
- Reconstitution
- Add 1 mL acetic acid (0.6%) or BAC water — store advice varies
- Rare side effects
- Excessive hypertrophy; FSH suppression (reproductive); limited long-term safety data
- Contraindications
- Active malignancy; pregnancy; fertility goals (FSH/reproductive effects); Active malignancy (theoretical concern with growth factor modulation); Pre-existing antibodies to AAV1 (for gene therapy applications); Pregnancy and breastfeeding (no safety data); Severe hepatic impairmentFrequency distribution of reported side effects⚠Drug I
- Drug interactions
- Testosterone/sex hormones; FSH
- Recommended bloodwork
- IGF-1; testosterone; FSH; LH; CBC; body composition
- Stacks well with
- Ipamorelin + CJC-1295: muscle building stack. FST-315: local targeting alternative.
- Secondary uses
- Bone density; fertility modulation; fibrosis; FSH regulation
- Research status
- Preclinical animal data; gene therapy studies; no standalone clinical trials
- FDA status
- No
- Legal status
- US: Research use only · UK: Legal for research · Canada: Legal research chemical · Australia: Schedule 4 · EU: Unregulated
- Typical price
- $200–$500+ / 1 mg
- Research evidence
- moderate
- Indications
- Muscular dystrophy gene therapy research; Muscle wasting and sarcopenia studies; Metabolic disease research
- Chemical data
- CAS 136470-78-5 · Glycoprotein (multiple isoforms) · (approx)CharacteristicsFST-288288~31 kDa
- Amino acids
- 344 aa
Hexarelin
aka Examorelin, EP-23905, Hexarelin Acetate
How it works: The strongest growth-hormone-pulse peptide, with a separate heart-protective action - though the body adapts to it quickly with daily use.
Strongest GH pulse of any GHRP; body composition; potential cardiovascular protective effects
Research dose
100-200 mcg, 1–2×/day MAX; discontinue if no response after 4 wks
Real-world (reported)
100 mcg 1× daily or 2× max with 2+ days off between doses. Stack with Mod GRF 1-29.
Administration
SubQ / IM
Timing
Pre-workout or pre-bed
Cycle length
4–8 wks; 4–8 wks off mandatory
Real-world figures are community-reported, not medical advice.
Common side effects: Cortisol/prolactin bump; head rush; hunger; injection-site reactions
Community take: [ANECDOTAL] 'Most powerful GHRP but burns out quickly.' Used for short blast cycles. Not for long continuous use.
- Onset
- GH pulse 30–60 min
- Half-life
- ~70 min
- Storage
- Dry: Fridge 2–8°C; freeze long-term · Reconstituted: Refrigerate; use within 28 days
- Reconstitution
- Add 2 mL BAC water to 2 mg vial = 1 mg/mL; 100 mcg = 10 IU
- Rare side effects
- Rapid and significant receptor desensitization (tachyphylaxis) with >2× daily dosing; cortisol elevation
- Contraindications
- Active malignancy; pregnancy; prolactin-sensitive conditions; frequent dosing (causes desensitization); Active cancer or history of malignancy (GH and IGF-1 elevation may promote tumor; Pituitary tumors or pituitary disorders (risk of exacerbating underlying conditi; Pregnancy and breastfeeding (no reproductive safety data available)Frequency dis; Growth hormone and IGF-1 axis drugs (potential additive GH elevation and IGF-1 i
- Drug interactions
- Glucocorticoids; prolactin-modulating drugs
- Recommended bloodwork
- IGF-1; cortisol; prolactin; GH levels optional; monitor desensitization via GH response
- Stacks well with
- CJC-1295 no DAC: pair only if avoiding desensitization schedule. Most experienced users prefer ipamorelin for long cycles.
- Secondary uses
- IGF-1 elevation; cardioprotective (independent of GH); healing
- Research status
- Preclinical robust; some human Phase 2 data; cardioprotective effects studied
- FDA status
- No
- Legal status
- US: Research use only · UK: Legal for research · Canada: Legal research chemical · Australia: Schedule 4 · EU: Unregulated
- Typical price
- $25–$55 / 2 mg vial
- Research evidence
- moderate
- Indications
- Growth hormone deficiency research; Cardiovascular protection studies; Neuroendocrine research; Anti-aging investigations
- Chemical data
- CAS 140703-51-1 · C47H58N12O6 · 887 Da
- Amino acids
- 240 aa
Cagrilintide
aka AM833, OIC-02, NN9838
How it works: Curbs appetite through the amylin system - a different pathway than GLP-1 drugs - which is why it is often combined with semaglutide for stronger weight loss.
Weight loss (combination with semaglutide in CagriSema); satiety; glycemic control
Research dose
0.16-4.5 mg, Once weekly (SubQ)
Real-world (reported)
Very limited community protocols — follow Phase 3 titration as guide.
Administration
SubQ
Timing
Once weekly any time
Cycle length
Chronic; titration per protocol
Real-world figures are community-reported, not medical advice.
Common side effects: Nausea; vomiting; injection-site reactions; constipation
Community take: [ANECDOTAL] Limited community experience standalone. Combined CagriSema reports: superior weight loss vs either alone. Main issue: additive GI side effects.
- Onset
- GI effects within days; weight loss 8+ wks
- Half-life
- ~7–8 days
- Storage
- Dry: Fridge 2–8°C; protect from light · Reconstituted: Refrigerate; use within 28 days
- Reconstitution
- Verify mg/mL from vendor
- Rare side effects
- Pancreatitis; gallstones; amylin receptor effects; HR changes
- Contraindications
- Active pancreatitis; pregnancy; MEN2 history (combination semaglutide carries black box); Personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma (applies to CagriSema; Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2 (MEN2; applies to CagriSema combina; History of pancreatitis; Pregnancy and breastfeeding (no reproductive safety data)
- Drug interactions
- Insulin; semaglutide combination (monitor GI side effects closely in combination)
- Recommended bloodwork
- Fasting glucose; HbA1c; weight; GI symptom monitoring; amylase/lipase
- Stacks well with
- Semaglutide: Phase 3 CagriSema combination (additive weight loss).
- Secondary uses
- Standalone metabolic benefits; potential for NASH; reduced CV risk
- Research status
- Phase 3 REDEFINE trials (CagriSema combination ongoing 2025–2026); Phase 2 data published
- FDA status
- No (Phase 3)
- Legal status
- US: Not FDA-approved; research chemical · UK: Legal for research · Canada: Legal research chemical · Australia: Not TGA-approved; Schedule 4 risk · EU: Not EMA-approved; research chemical
- Typical price
- $100–$300 / vial (limited supply)
- Research evidence
- moderate
- Indications
- Obesity treatment; Weight management; Metabolic disease research
- Chemical data
- CAS 2170438-03-2 · C194H312N54O59S2 · 4030 Da
- Amino acids
- 127 aa
Follistatin-315
aka FST-315
How it works: Blocks myostatin, the protein that limits muscle growth, releasing the brake on muscle - this version acts more on local tissues.
Muscle hypertrophy; fat loss; anti-catabolic; potential anti-aging via muscle preservation
Research dose
100-200 mcg, Twice weekly
Real-world (reported)
100 mcg SubQ 2×/week. Advanced users only. Monitor FSH/testosterone.
Administration
SubQ / IM
Timing
Post-workout
Cycle length
4–8 weeks; 4+ weeks off
Real-world figures are community-reported, not medical advice.
Common side effects: Injection-site reactions; headache; possible excessive muscle growth
Community take: [ANECDOTAL – advanced bodybuilding] 'Extreme muscle growth.' Limited community experience due to difficulty sourcing and high cost. Reported results impressive but safety profile uncertain.
- Onset
- Muscle anabolic effects 2–4 wks
- Half-life
- Hours (clearance)
- Storage
- Dry: Freeze –20°C · Reconstituted: Refrigerate; use within 7–14 days
- Reconstitution
- Add 1 mL ACetic acid (0.6%) or BAC water
- Rare side effects
- Excessive muscle hypertrophy; limited long-term safety data; theoretical concern re activin in reproductive axis; testosterone suppression (activin inhibition affects FSH)
- Contraindications
- Active malignancy; pregnancy; desire for future fertility (FSH/reproductive effects); hormone-sensitive conditions
- Drug interactions
- Testosterone/sex hormones (activin pathway); FSH (reproductive monitoring needed)
- Recommended bloodwork
- IGF-1; testosterone; FSH; LH; CBC; body composition
- Stacks well with
- Ipamorelin + CJC-1295: muscle building stack. IGF-1 LR3: advanced anabolic stack.
- Secondary uses
- Bone density; fertility modulation; fibrosis reduction
- Research status
- Preclinical animal data robust; gene therapy studies; limited human pharmacology; no clinical trials as standalone
- FDA status
- No
- Legal status
- US: Research use only · UK: Legal for research · Canada: Legal research chemical · Australia: Schedule 4 · EU: Unregulated
- Typical price
- $200–$500+ / 1 mg vial
AICAR
aka Acadesine, Acadesine, AICA-riboside
How it works: Switches on AMPK, the same cellular energy pathway exercise activates, to mimic endurance-training effects like fat burning.
Metabolic conditioning; fat oxidation; endurance enhancement; AMPK activation
Research dose
250-500 mg, Daily
Real-world (reported)
250–500 mg oral or SubQ daily. Pre-workout. Cycle 4–8 wks.
Administration
Oral / SubQ
Timing
Pre-workout or morning
Cycle length
4–8 wks; WADA prohibited in competition
Real-world figures are community-reported, not medical advice.
Common side effects: Nausea; headache; hypoglycemia (mild); malaise at high doses
Community take: [ANECDOTAL] WADA prohibits it — signals effectiveness. Limited gray-market but present.
- Onset
- Metabolic changes 2–4 wks
- Half-life
- ~2–3h
- Storage
- Dry: Room temp (oral); fridge (injectable) · Reconstituted: Injectable: refrigerate; use within 7 days
- Reconstitution
- Oral: no recon. Injectable: dissolve in sterile water.
- Rare side effects
- Mitochondrial enzyme inhibition (supraphysiologic; theoretical); WADA prohibited
- Contraindications
- Competitive athletes (WADA banned); malignancy (AMPK complex in cancer); pregnancy
- Drug interactions
- Metformin (additive AMPK); insulin
- Recommended bloodwork
- Fasting glucose; HbA1c; lipid panel
- Stacks well with
- MOTS-c: additive AMPK. 5-Amino-1MQ: metabolic stack.
- Secondary uses
- Insulin sensitivity; anti-cancer (AMPK); cardiovascular protection
- Research status
- Preclinical robust; Phase 2 cardiac surgery and multiple myeloma; WADA prohibited for sport
- FDA status
- No
- Legal status
- US: Research use only; WADA anti-doping prohibited · UK: Legal for research; WADA prohibited in sport · Canada: Legal research chemical · Australia: Schedule 4 · EU: Unregulated for research
- Typical price
- $30–$80 / 500 mg
Irisin
aka FNDC5 ectodomain, exercise myokine
How it works: The exercise hormone your muscles release during workouts, which turns calorie-storing white fat into calorie-burning fat and supports brain health.
White fat browning; thermogenesis; metabolic rate; cognitive enhancement; anti-aging
Research dose
500-1000 mcg, 3×/week
Real-world (reported)
500 mcg SubQ 3×/week — very experimental.
Administration
SubQ
Timing
Any time or pre-workout
Cycle length
8–12 weeks
Real-world figures are community-reported, not medical advice.
Common side effects: Very limited: injection-site; mild metabolic changes
Community take: [ANECDOTAL] 'Exercise hormone injection.' Phase 1 limited. Mostly preclinical interest. Very small biohacker community.
- Onset
- Metabolic 4–8 wks; cognitive 2–4 wks
- Half-life
- ~2–4h estimated
- Storage
- Dry: Freeze –20°C; light sensitive · Reconstituted: Refrigerate; use within 14 days
- Reconstitution
- Add 1 mL BAC water to 1 mg vial
- Rare side effects
- No human trial safety data; cancer context complex (FNDC5 in some tumors)
- Contraindications
- Active malignancy (complex); pregnancy
- Drug interactions
- Insulin/metabolic drugs
- Recommended bloodwork
- Fasting glucose; body composition; BDNF; lipid panel
- Stacks well with
- MOTS-c: exercise mimetic synergy. AICAR: AMPK complement.
- Secondary uses
- Bone formation; insulin sensitivity; neuroprotection; exercise mimicry
- Research status
- Preclinical extensive (Boström 2012 Nature landmark); human correlation studies; limited Phase 1 PK
- FDA status
- No
- Legal status
- US: Research use only · UK: Legal for research · Canada: Legal research chemical · Australia: Schedule 4 · EU: Unregulated
- Typical price
- $100–$400 / 1 mg vial
CJC-1295 + GHRP-6
aka Bulk Stack, CJC-1295 no DAC + GHRP-6 combination
How it works: A bulking stack of two growth-hormone boosters for a strong GH pulse, with GHRP-6 also driving big appetite to support eating in a surplus.
Maximum GH pulse for bulking; muscle mass; strong appetite stimulation — useful for hard gainers
Research dose
200-300 mcg each, Pre-bed; or pre-workout for bulking push
Real-world (reported)
200–300 mcg each SubQ 1–2×/day. ONLY for bulking — prepare food before injecting GHRP-6.
Administration
SubQ
Timing
Pre-bed or pre-workout; 2h fast before
Cycle length
8–12 wks on; 4 wks off
Real-world figures are community-reported, not medical advice.
Common side effects: Strong hunger/appetite (GHRP-6 signature); head rush; flushing; cortisol bump; water retention
Community take: [ANECDOTAL] Old-school bulking GH stack. GHRP-6 hunger is intense. 'Eat everything in the house after injecting.' Replaced by CJC+Ipa for most uses except hard-gainer bulk phases.
- Onset
- GH pulse 30 min; strong hunger within minutes; body composition 8–12 wks
- Half-life
- CJC: ~30 min; GHRP-6: ~30 min
- Storage
- Dry: Fridge 2–8°C; freeze long storage · Reconstituted: Refrigerate; use within 28 days
- Reconstitution
- Reconstitute each separately; inject simultaneously or sequentially
- Rare side effects
- Cortisol elevation; prolactin elevation (GHRP-6); significant appetite may cause unwanted weight gain if not in bulk phase
- Contraindications
- Cutting/fat-loss goals (appetite stimulus); active malignancy; pregnancy
- Drug interactions
- Glucocorticoids; prolactin-modulating drugs
- Recommended bloodwork
- IGF-1; cortisol; prolactin; body weight; fasting glucose
- Stacks well with
- Note: for non-bulk goals, replace GHRP-6 with Ipamorelin (no appetite/cortisol issues).
- Secondary uses
- Body recomposition (if appetite managed); recovery
- Research status
- Community protocol based on established CJC-1295 + GHRP-6 pairing literature
- FDA status
- No
- Legal status
- US: Research use only · UK: Legal for research · Canada: Legal research chemical · Australia: Schedule 4 · EU: Unregulated
- Typical price
- $35–$75 combined per dose session
Amycretin
aka NNC0487-0111
How it works: Amycretin (NNC0487-0111) is a first-in-class unimolecular GLP-1 and amylin receptor agonist developed by Novo Nordisk. Unlike CagriSema (two separate peptides), amycretin combines both activities in a single 68-amino-acid molecule. In Phase 1b/2a, subcutaneous amycretin achieved up to 24.3% weight loss at 36 weeks (60 mg) and 22% at 20 mg. Oral amycretin achieved up to 13.1% at 12 weeks. Phase 3 f
Chronic weight management in adults with obesity or overweight; Type 2 diabetes treatment
Administration
SC
Timing
Dose escalation required. SC formulation administered weekly; oral formulation with SNAC enhancer taken daily. Both formulations under investigation.
Cycle length
Up to 36 weeks (Phase 1b/2a)
- Half-life
- Supports once-weekly SC dosing and once-daily oral dosing via albumin binding fr
- Contraindications
- Amycretin is investigational and not approved for any indication. Use only withi; Expected GLP-1 agonist class contraindication: personal or family history of med; Pregnancy (GLP-1 agonist class); Prior serious hypersensitivity to amycretin or excipientsFrequency distribution
- Research status
- Phase 1b
- Legal status
- US: Investigational
- Research evidence
- moderate
- Indications
- Chronic weight management in adults with obesity or overweight; Type 2 diabetes treatment
- Chemical data
- C343H550N94O116 · 8000 Da
- Amino acids
- 127 aa
Insulin
aka Human Insulin, Regular Insulin, Humulin
How it works: Insulin is a 51-amino acid peptide hormone produced by pancreatic beta cells, consisting of an A-chain (21 amino acids) and B-chain (30 amino acids) linked by disulfide bonds. It is the primary regulator of blood glucose homeostasis and has been used therapeutically since 1922 for diabetes management.New to metabolic peptides?Browse all metabolic peptides →Table of Contents📌TL;DR•Essential hormon
Type 1 diabetes mellitus management; Type 2 diabetes mellitus (when oral agents insufficient); Diabetic ketoacidosis emergency treatment; Hyperkalemia management in acute care settings
Administration
SC
Timing
Rapid-acting: 15 min before meals or pre/post-workout with carbohydrates✓ Rotate injection sites
Cycle length
Diabetes: chronic therapy; Off-label: cycles of 4-8 weeks
- Half-life
- ~6 minutes (IV); ~6-8 hours clinical duration (SC regular insulin); ~
- Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to insulin or any formulation component; During active hypoglycemic episodes; Inhaled insulin: contraindicated in chronic lung disease (asthma, COPD) due to b; Sulfonylureas, meglitinides, DPP-4 inhibitors, GLP-1 RAs: increased hypoglycemia
- Research status
- Approved
- FDA status
- FDA approved
- Legal status
- US: Approved
- Research evidence
- high
- Indications
- Type 1 diabetes mellitus management; Type 2 diabetes mellitus (when oral agents insufficient); Diabetic ketoacidosis emergency treatment; Hyperkalemia management in acute care settings
- Chemical data
- CAS 11061-68-0 · C257H383N65O77S6 · 5808 Da
- Amino acids
- 123 aa
Bioglutide
aka NA-931, NA-931
How it works: Bioglutide (NA-931) is a first-in-class, orally active small-molecule quadruple receptor agonist developed by Biomed Industries that simultaneously targets IGF-1, GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon receptors. Derived from a cyclic IGF-1 fragment, it is designed as a once-daily oral capsule requiring no absorption enhancers. In Phase 2 trials (NCT06564753), the 150 mg daily dose achieved 13.8% mean body weig
Chronic weight management in adults with obesity (BMI 30 or greater); Weight management in overweight adults (BMI 27 or greater) with weight-related comorbidities; Potential combination therapy with tirzepatide for enhanced efficacy
Administration
Oral
Timing
Take one capsule once daily by mouth. No fasting or food restrictions required. Blood levels consistent regardless of fasting state or high-fat meal.
Cycle length
13 weeks (Phase 2 trial)
- Half-life
- Estimated 16-
- Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to NA-931 or any component of the formulation (based on standar; Pregnancy and breastfeeding (no reproductive toxicology data available; standard; No drug interaction data have been published for Bioglutide (NA-931). Potential
- Research status
- Phase 2
- FDA status
- Not approved
- Legal status
- US: Investigational
- Research evidence
- low
- Indications
- Chronic weight management in adults with obesity (BMI 30 or greater); Weight management in overweight adults (BMI 27 or greater) with weight-related comorbidities; Potential combination therapy with tirzepatide for enhanced efficacy
- Chemical data
- Proprietary (not publicly disclosed) · 500 Da
- Amino acids
- 74 aa
MariTide
aka maridebart cafraglutide, AMG 133
How it works: MariTide (maridebart cafraglutide, AMG 133) is a first-in-class antibody-peptide conjugate developed by Amgen that combines GLP-1 receptor agonism with GIP receptor antagonism. Unlike tirzepatide (GLP-1/GIP dual agonist), MariTide blocks the GIP receptor while activating GLP-1. Its ~21-day half-life enables monthly or less frequent dosing. In Phase 2, MariTide achieved up to 16.2% weight loss at 5
Chronic weight management in adults with obesity or overweight; Type 2 diabetes treatment
Administration
SC
Timing
Delivered via autoinjector device. Half-life of approximately 21 days supports monthly dosing. Dose escalation likely used per GLP-1 class standard.
Cycle length
52 weeks (Phase 2); 72 weeks (Phase 3)
- Half-life
- , and pharmacokinetic properties.","url":"https://www.peptideprotocolwiki.com/pe
- Contraindications
- MariTide is investigational and not approved for any indication. Use only within; Expected GLP-1 agonist class contraindication: personal or family history of med; Pregnancy (GLP-1 agonist class); Prior serious hypersensitivity to MariTide or excipientsFrequency distribution o
- Research status
- Phase 2
- FDA status
- Not approved
- Legal status
- US: Investigational
- Research evidence
- moderate
- Indications
- Chronic weight management in adults with obesity or overweight; Type 2 diabetes treatment
- Chemical data
- Complex antibody-peptide conjugate · 153514 Da
- Amino acids
- 114 aa
CagriSema
aka Cagrilintide/Semaglutide, NNC0174-0833
How it works: CagriSema is a once-weekly fixed-dose combination of cagrilintide 2.4 mg (a long-acting amylin receptor agonist) and semaglutide 2.4 mg (a GLP-1 receptor agonist), developed by Novo Nordisk. In the Phase 3 REDEFINE 1 trial, CagriSema achieved 20.4% mean weight loss at 68 weeks in adults with obesity, exceeding semaglutide alone (14.9%) and cagrilintide alone (11.5%). Novo Nordisk has filed for FDA
Chronic weight management in adults with obesity or overweight; Type 2 diabetes with obesity (REDEFINE 2); Cardiometabolic risk factor improvement
Administration
SC
Timing
Single injection from pre-filled pen combining both agents. Gradual dose escalation over 16-20 weeks to reach target maintenance dose. Inject on the s
Cycle length
68 weeks (Phase 3 trials)
- Half-life
- Cagrilintide: ~160 hours (6.7 days); Semaglutide: ~168 hours (7 days)
- Contraindications
- Personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) or Multiple Endo; Pregnancy (semaglutide component); Prior serious hypersensitivity to cagrilintide, semaglutide, or excipientsFreque; Insulin and sulfonylureas: Increased risk of hypoglycemia when combined (GLP-1 a
- Research status
- Phase 3
- FDA status
- Not approved
- Legal status
- US: Investigational
- Research evidence
- high
- Indications
- Chronic weight management in adults with obesity or overweight; Type 2 diabetes with obesity (REDEFINE 2); Cardiometabolic risk factor improvement
- Chemical data
- Combination product (cagrilintide C188H289N51O57S2 + semaglutide C187H291N45O59) · 8144 Da
- Amino acids
- 170 aa
CT-388
aka RO7795068
How it works: CT-388 is a signal-biased dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonist developed by Roche (acquired via Carmot Therapeutics). Its unique biased signaling minimizes beta-arrestin recruitment and receptor internalization at both receptors. In Phase 2, weekly subcutaneous CT-388 (24 mg) achieved 22.5% placebo-adjusted weight loss at 48 weeks with no plateau observed. Phase 3 trials are planned for 2026.New to met
Chronic weight management in adults with obesity or overweight; Potential for type 2 diabetes treatment; Potential for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH)
Administration
SC
Timing
Dose escalation from lower starting dose to maintenance dose to mitigate GI adverse events. Same day each week.
Cycle length
48 weeks (Phase 2)
- Half-life
- Supports once-weekly subcutaneous dosing (exact half-life not publicly disclosed
- Contraindications
- CT-388 is investigational and not approved for any indication. Use only within c; Expected GLP-1 agonist class contraindication: personal or family history of med; Pregnancy (GLP-1 agonist class); Prior serious hypersensitivity to CT-388 or excipientsFrequency distribution of
- Research status
- Phase 2
- FDA status
- Not approved
- Legal status
- US: Investigational
- Research evidence
- moderate
- Indications
- Chronic weight management in adults with obesity or overweight; Potential for type 2 diabetes treatment; Potential for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH)
- Chemical data
- Proprietary (not disclosed) · 4500 Da
- Amino acids
- 101 aa
Pramlintide
aka Symlin, Symlin, AC137
How it works: Pramlintide (marketed as Symlin) is a synthetic analog of human amylin, a 37-amino acid peptide hormone co-secreted with insulin from pancreatic beta cells. FDA-approved in March 2005 as an adjunct to mealtime insulin in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes who have not achieved adequate glycemic control. Pramlintide contains three proline substitutions (Pro25,28,29) that prevent the amyloid ag
Adjunct to mealtime insulin in type 1 diabetes (FDA-approved 2005); Adjunct to mealtime insulin in type 2 diabetes (FDA-approved 2005)
Administration
SC
Timing
Inject immediately before major meals containing 250+ calories or 30g carbohydrate. Never mix with insulin in the same syringe.
Cycle length
Ongoing
- Half-life
- .","url":"https://www.peptideprotocolwiki.com/peptides/pramlintide/molecule","da
- Contraindications
- Confirmed diagnosis of gastroparesis requiring treatment; Hypoglycemia unawareness (increased risk of severe hypoglycemia); HbA1c >9% (poor glycemic control suggests need for basic insulin optimization be; Recurrent episodes of severe hypoglycemia in the past 6 months
- Research status
- Approved
- FDA status
- FDA approved
- Legal status
- US: Approved
- Research evidence
- high
- Indications
- Adjunct to mealtime insulin in type 1 diabetes (FDA-approved 2005); Adjunct to mealtime insulin in type 2 diabetes (FDA-approved 2005)
- Chemical data
- CAS 151126-32-8 · C171H267N51O53S2 · 3949.4 Da
- Amino acids
- 37 aa
Exenatide
aka Byetta, Bydureon, exendin-4
How it works: Exenatide is a 39-amino-acid synthetic version of exendin-4, a peptide originally discovered in Gila monster (Heloderma suspectum) venom. It was the first GLP-1 receptor agonist approved by the FDA (Byetta, April 2005), establishing the entire incretin mimetic drug class. Available as Byetta (twice-daily injection) and Bydureon BCise (once-weekly extended-release microsphere formulation), exenatid
Type 2 diabetes glycemic control (adjunct to diet and exercise); Investigational: Parkinson's disease neuroprotection
Administration
SC
Timing
Byetta: within 60 minutes before meals; Bydureon BCise: any time, any day✓ Rotate injection sites
Cycle length
Ongoing (chronic therapy)Step-wise Titration (4 weeks)
- Half-life
- . Glycine at position
- Storage
- Dry: Byetta: refrigerate or room temp up to 30 days after first use. Bydureon BCise: refrigerate or room temp up to 4 weeks.
- Contraindications
- Personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) or Multiple Endo; Prior serious hypersensitivity reaction to exenatide or any excipient; Severe renal impairment (eGFR below 30 mL/min) or end-stage renal disease (exena; Do not use with other GLP-1 receptor agonists (e.g., semaglutide, liraglutide, t
- Research status
- Approved
- FDA status
- FDA approved
- Legal status
- US: Approved
- Research evidence
- high
- Indications
- Type 2 diabetes glycemic control (adjunct to diet and exercise); Investigational: Parkinson's disease neuroprotection
- Chemical data
- CAS 141758-74-9 · C184H282N50O60S · 4186.6 Da
- Amino acids
- 4 aa
Pemvidutide
aka ALT-801
How it works: Pemvidutide (ALT-801) is a 29-amino acid dual GLP-1/glucagon receptor agonist developed by Altimmune for obesity and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). In Phase 2b trials, it achieved 59.1% MASH resolution, 54.7% liver fat reduction, and 15.6% weight loss at 48 weeks. Its unique dual mechanism addresses both weight and liver disease simultaneously.New to metabolic peptides?Br
Obesity and overweight with comorbidities; Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH); Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)
Administration
SC
Timing
No dose titration required; patients start directly on target dose unlike most GLP-1 agonists
Cycle length
48 weeks (Phase 2b)
- Half-life
- Approximately 100 hours (supports once-weekly dosing)
- Contraindications
- Investigational compound: not approved for clinical use; Expected class contraindications based on GLP-1 receptor agonist class including; Drug interactions not fully characterized. GLP-1 component may delay gastric emp
- Research status
- Phase 2b
- Legal status
- US: Investigational
- Research evidence
- moderate
- Indications
- Obesity and overweight with comorbidities; Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH); Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)
- Chemical data
- Proprietary (not publicly disclosed) · 3873.35 Da
- Amino acids
- 68 aa
Setmelanotide
aka IMCIVREE, IMCIVREE, RM-493, BMS-470539
How it works: Setmelanotide (marketed as IMCIVREE) is a first-in-class melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) agonist developed by Rhythm Pharmaceuticals. FDA-approved in November 2020 for chronic weight management in patients aged 6 years and older with obesity due to POMC, PCSK1, or LEPR deficiency confirmed by genetic testing. This cyclic 8-amino acid peptide (1.1 kDa) represents the first targeted therapy for monog
Chronic weight management in POMC deficiency obesity (FDA-approved 2020); Chronic weight management in PCSK1 deficiency obesity (FDA-approved 2020); Chronic weight management in LEPR deficiency obesity (FDA-approved 2020); Chronic weight management in Bardet-Biedl syndrome (FDA-approved 2022)
Administration
SC
Timing
Administer once daily at the start of the day. Inject into the abdomen. Rotate injection sites with each injection.
Cycle length
Ongoing (with 12-16 week response assessment)
- Half-life
- ~11 hours, supporting once-daily subcutaneous injection
- Contraindications
- Not for use in patients without confirmed genetic variants in POMC, PCSK1, LEPR,; Not recommended during pregnancy; weight loss is not beneficial during pregnancy; Hypersensitivity to setmelanotide or any component of the formulationFrequency d; No formal drug interaction studies have been conducted due to the rare disease p
- Research status
- Approved
- FDA status
- FDA approved
- Legal status
- US: Approved
- Research evidence
- high
- Indications
- Chronic weight management in POMC deficiency obesity (FDA-approved 2020); Chronic weight management in PCSK1 deficiency obesity (FDA-approved 2020); Chronic weight management in LEPR deficiency obesity (FDA-approved 2020); Chronic weight management in Bardet-Biedl syndrome (FDA-approved 2022)
- Chemical data
- CAS 920014-72-8 · C49H68N18O9S2 · 1117.31 Da
- Amino acids
- 248 aa
VK2735
aka VK-2735
How it works: VK2735 is a dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonist peptide developed by Viking Therapeutics for obesity treatment. In the Phase 2 VENTURE trial, weekly subcutaneous VK2735 achieved up to 14.7% weight loss in just 13 weeks with no plateau observed. An oral tablet formulation achieved up to 12.2% weight loss in 13 weeks. Phase 3 VANQUISH trials are underway with enrollment of over 4,500 patients completed.
Chronic weight management in adults with obesity or overweight; Potential for type 2 diabetes treatment
Administration
SC
Timing
Dose escalation used to mitigate GI adverse events. Oral formulation does not require strict fasting conditions unlike oral semaglutide.
Cycle length
13 weeks (Phase 2); longer in Phase 3
- Half-life
- Supports once-weekly subcutaneous dosing (exact half-life not publicly disclosed
- Contraindications
- VK2735 is investigational and not approved for any indication. Use only within c; Expected GLP-1 agonist class contraindication: personal or family history of med; Pregnancy (GLP-1 agonist class); Prior serious hypersensitivity to VK2735 or excipientsFrequency distribution of
- Research status
- Phase 2
- FDA status
- Not approved
- Legal status
- US: Investigational
- Research evidence
- moderate
- Indications
- Chronic weight management in adults with obesity or overweight; Potential for type 2 diabetes treatment
- Chemical data
- Proprietary (not disclosed) · 4700 Da
- Amino acids
- 91 aa
Neuropeptide Y
aka NPY
How it works: Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a 36-amino acid endogenous peptide and one of the most abundant neuropeptides in the brain. It acts through Y1, Y2, Y4, and Y5 receptor subtypes to regulate appetite, anxiety, stress response, and circadian rhythms. Reduced NPY levels are associated with PTSD and depression. Intranasal NPY delivery has been tested in early clinical trials for major depression, showing preli
PTSD and stress resilience research; Depression treatment research; Appetite and energy homeostasis studies; Anxiety and mood regulation research
Administration
Intranasal
Timing
Delivered via nasal atomizer device; intranasal route bypasses blood-brain barrier for direct CNS delivery
Cycle length
Single administration
- Half-life
- ~15-
- Contraindications
- Not approved for human use by any regulatory agency; Caution in individuals with cardiovascular disease (NPY causes vasoconstriction; Caution in individuals with eating disorders or obesity (NPY stimulates appetite; Potential interaction with antihypertensive medications (NPY causes vasoconstric
- Research status
- Approved
- FDA status
- FDA approved
- Legal status
- US: Investigational
- Research evidence
- moderate
- Indications
- PTSD and stress resilience research; Depression treatment research; Appetite and energy homeostasis studies; Anxiety and mood regulation research
- Chemical data
- CAS 82785-45-3 · C190H287N55O57 · 4253.72 Da
- Amino acids
- 240 aa
HGH 191AA
aka Somatotropin, Recombinant Human Growth Hormone, rhGH
How it works: HGH 191AA is recombinant human growth hormone, a 191-amino acid single-chain polypeptide identical to endogenous pituitary-derived somatotropin. It is FDA-approved for growth hormone deficiency, Turner syndrome, chronic renal insufficiency, and other conditions affecting growth and metabolism.New to growth hormone peptides?Browse all growth hormone peptides →Table of Contents📌TL;DR•FDA-approved f
Growth hormone deficiency treatment (pediatric and adult); Turner syndrome growth support; Chronic renal insufficiency-related growth failure; AIDS-related wasting syndrome
Administration
SC
Timing
Anti-aging: before bed (mimics natural GH pulse); Performance: morning fasted and/or post-workout; avoid close to meals high in carbs/fat✓ Rotate inje
Cycle length
3-6 months minimum; some protocols run 6-12 months or longerStep-wise Titration
- Half-life
- SC:
- Reconstitution
- Bacteriostatic water
- Contraindications
- Acute critical illness (cardiac/abdominal surgery, multiple trauma, acute respir; Active malignancy or evidence of neoplastic activity; Active proliferative or severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy; Prader-Willi syndrome with severe obesity or respiratory impairment
- Research status
- Approved
- FDA status
- FDA approved
- Legal status
- US: Approved
- Research evidence
- low
- Indications
- Growth hormone deficiency treatment (pediatric and adult); Turner syndrome growth support; Chronic renal insufficiency-related growth failure; AIDS-related wasting syndrome
- Chemical data
- CAS 12629-01-5 · C990H1529N263O299S7 · 22124 Da
- Amino acids
- 191 aa
Cotadutide
aka MEDI0382, MEDI0382, AZD9056
How it works: Cotadutide (MEDI0382) was a dual GLP-1 and glucagon receptor agonist developed by AstraZeneca for type 2 diabetes, obesity, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The 31-amino acid peptide with N-terminal palmitic acid conjugation demonstrated GLP-1-biased dual agonism (EC50 6.9 pM GLP-1R, 10.2 pM GCGR), producing significant improvements in glycemic control, weight loss, and hepatic parameters
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (phase 2b, discontinued); Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis / NASH (phase 2, discontinued); Obesity / weight management (phase 2, discontinued)
Administration
SC
Timing
Dose escalation from starting dose to target maintenance dose to mitigate GI adverse events. Consistent with standard GLP-1 agonist titration.
Cycle length
54 weeks (Phase 2b trial)
- Half-life
- ~11-1
- Contraindications
- Development was discontinued; not available for clinical use; History of medullary thyroid carcinoma or MEN2 (GLP-1 agonist class contraindica; Known hypersensitivity to GLP-1 receptor agonistsFrequency distribution of repor; Insulin and sulfonylureas: Potential for increased hypoglycemia risk (GLP-1 agon
- Research status
- Phase 2b
- Legal status
- US: Withdrawn From Market
- Research evidence
- moderate
- Indications
- Type 2 diabetes mellitus (phase 2b, discontinued); Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis / NASH (phase 2, discontinued); Obesity / weight management (phase 2, discontinued)
- Chemical data
- CAS 1686108-82-6 · C169H256N42O57 (acetate salt) · 3788.14 Da
- Amino acids
- 31 aa
TLQP-21
aka VGF-derived peptide; 21 amino acids derived from VGF precursor, VGF-derived peptide, C-terminal VGF peptide
How it works: TLQP-21 targets the complement-3a receptor1 (C3aR1) to regulate metabolism and immune function.
Obesity management; lipolysis; energy expenditure; microglial modulation; neuroprotection; pain modulation
Research dose
2-32 nmol, Research dosing varies; chronic dosing studied via osmotic pump and daily injections
Administration
Intracerebroventricular injection (i.c.v.); intravenous (i.v.); intraperitoneal (i.p.)
Common side effects: Thermal hyperalgesia (when applied spinally)
- Onset
- Acute effects measurable within hours; chronic effects over weeks to 28 days
- Half-life
- Terminal half-life of ~110 min with an initial half-life of ~0.97 min
- Rare side effects
- Application of exogenous TLQP-21 induced dose-dependent thermal hyperalgesia, which was inhibited by p38 MAPK inhibitors and COX/lipoxygenase inhibitors
- Secondary uses
- Alzheimer's disease progression; gastric motility regulation; reproduction
- Research status
- Preclinical and investigational
Ecnoglutide
aka XW003, XW-003
How it works: Ecnoglutide (XW003) is a novel, long-acting, cAMP signaling-biased GLP-1 receptor agonist developed by Sciwind Biosciences. Unlike conventional GLP-1 agonists, ecnoglutide preferentially activates G protein-cAMP signaling over beta-arrestin recruitment, which may improve efficacy while reducing receptor desensitization. In the Phase 3 SLIMMER trial, ecnoglutide achieved 15.4% mean weight loss at 4
Chronic weight management in adults with obesity or overweight; Type 2 diabetes glycemic control
Administration
SC
Timing
Administered on the same day each week. Dose escalation from starting dose to maintenance dose to improve GI tolerability. Half-life of 124-138 hours
Cycle length
48 weeks (SLIMMER Phase 3)
- Half-life
- Approximately 1
- Contraindications
- Investigational compound: ecnoglutide is not approved for clinical use and shoul; Expected contraindications based on GLP-1 receptor agonist class: personal or fa; Pregnancy and breastfeeding (expected contraindication based on class)Frequency; Insulin and sulfonylureas: based on GLP-1 agonist class effects,
- Research status
- Phase 3
- FDA status
- Not approved
- Legal status
- US: Investigational
- Research evidence
- moderate
- Indications
- Chronic weight management in adults with obesity or overweight; Type 2 diabetes glycemic control
- Chemical data
- CAS 2459531-73-6 · C194H304N48O61 · 4256.74 Da
- Amino acids
- 2668 aa
Alpha-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone
aka ACTH 1-13 fragment, α-MSH, MSH, Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone
How it works: Alpha-MSH is a 13-amino-acid endogenous neuropeptide derived from proopiomelanocortin (POMC), acting as a non-selective agonist at melanocortin receptors, playing central roles in pigmentation, appetite regulation, anti-inflammatory signaling, neuroprotection, and immune modulation.
Appetite suppression, anti-inflammatory signaling, immune modulation, neuroprotection
Research dose
1-100 mcg, [ANECDOTAL]—research studies used varied frequencies; intranasal single dose studies; oral ingestion in animal models; intraperitoneal injection in mouse models
Administration
Subcutaneous injection, intranasal, oral ingestion (research models), topical (eye drops), intravenous
Common side effects: Skin hyperpigmentation, darkening of preexisting nevi and ephelides, and development of melanocytic nevi are known potential side effects
- Rare side effects
- At doses ≥1 mg (central administration in animal models): increased salivation, agitation, ataxia, respiratory distress, and death (in 30% of animals)
- Secondary uses
- Fever reduction, ischemia/reperfusion injury protection, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, contact dermatitis, dry eye disease
- Research status
- Preclinical and animal model research; synthetic analogs in clinical trials
- Legal status
- US: Despite a ban by the United States Food and Drug Administration, commercially produced, unregulated peptide analogs of α-MSH (eg, melanotan, melanotan II) remain available for sale online
Efocipegtrutide
aka HM15211, HM15211, LAPS Triple Agonist
How it works: Efocipegtrutide is a long-acting glucagon, GIP and GLP-1 triple full agonist conjugated with human immunoglobulin constant region.
MASH (metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis), obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatic fibrosis
- Secondary uses
- Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, primary biliary cholangitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis
- Research status
- Phase 2 development; Phase 2b clinical study is being investigated in biopsy-confirmed MASH subjects with fibrosis.
- FDA status
- FDA granted fast track designation for MASH treatment. Received orphan drug designation from FDA and EMA for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, primary biliary cholangitis, and primary sclerosing cholangitis.
albiglutide
How it works:
aleniglipron
How it works:
Bimagrumab
aka BYM338
How it works: Bimagrumab (BYM338) is a fully human IgG1 monoclonal antibody that blocks activin type II receptors (ActRIIA and ActRIIB), inhibiting myostatin, activin A, and other TGF-beta superfamily ligands that suppress muscle growth. Originally developed by Novartis, licensed to Versanis Bio, then acquired by Eli Lilly for up to $1.925 billion in 2023. Phase 2 trials demonstrated simultaneous fat mass loss
Body composition improvement (fat loss with muscle preservation); Combination therapy with GLP-1 receptor agonists for obesity; Sarcopenia research (age-related muscle loss); Inclusion body myositis (failed primary endpoint in RESILIENT); Muscle wasting conditions (COPD, hip fracture recovery)
Administration
IV
Timing
Administered as IV infusion at clinical sites. The BELIEVE trial used approximately Q12W dosing (4 infusions over 48 weeks) in combination with semagl
Cycle length
48 weeks
- Half-life
- Approximately 19 days in humans, consistent with typical IgG1 monoclonal antibod
- Contraindications
- Bimagrumab has not been approved for any indication. Formal contraindications ha; Conditions involving TGF-beta superfamily signaling (e.g., hereditary hemorrhagi; Pregnancy and breastfeeding, as activin signaling plays critical roles in reprod
- Research status
- Phase 2
- FDA status
- Not approved
- Legal status
- US: Investigational
- Research evidence
- moderate
- Indications
- Body composition improvement (fat loss with muscle preservation); Combination therapy with GLP-1 receptor agonists for obesity; Sarcopenia research (age-related muscle loss); Inclusion body myositis (failed primary endpoint in RESILIENT); Muscle wasting conditions (COPD, hip fracture recovery)
- Chemical data
- Complex immunoglobulin · 145000 Da
- Amino acids
- 445 aa
Bivamelagon
aka LB54640
How it works: Bivamelagon (LB54640) is an oral small molecule melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) agonist developed by Rhythm Pharmaceuticals (licensed from LG Chem) for hypothalamic obesity in patients aged 12 and older. In a Phase 2 trial, bivamelagon achieved 9.3% BMI reduction at 600 mg and 7.7% at 400 mg over 14 weeks, with significant hunger score reductions. It is the first oral MC4R agonist in clinical devel
Hypothalamic obesity (ages 12 and older); Obesity related to hypothalamic dysfunction
Administration
Oral
Timing
Once-daily oral tablet. Significant practical advantage over setmelanotide, which requires daily subcutaneous injections.
Cycle length
14 weeks (Phase 2 trial)
- Half-life
- Not publicly disclosed (supports once-daily oral dosing)
- Contraindications
- Investigational compound: not approved for clinical use; Expected caution in patients with conditions affected by melanocortin signaling; Drug interactions not fully characterized. As a small molecule with CNS penetrat
- Research status
- Phase 2
- FDA status
- Not approved
- Legal status
- US: Investigational
- Research evidence
- low
- Indications
- Hypothalamic obesity (ages 12 and older); Obesity related to hypothalamic dysfunction
- Chemical data
- C35H53ClN4O4 · 629.3 Da
- Amino acids
- 43 aa
eloralintide
How it works:
Enobosarm
aka Ostarine, GTx-024, MK-2866
How it works: Enobosarm (Ostarine, GTx-024, MK-2866) is an oral nonsteroidal selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) being developed by Veru Inc. for muscle preservation during GLP-1 receptor agonist-induced weight loss. In the Phase 2b QUALITY trial, enobosarm 3 mg combined with semaglutide eliminated lean mass loss (0% lean mass loss, 100% fat mass loss) and preserved physical function in older adults. T
Muscle preservation during GLP-1 receptor agonist weight loss therapy; Lean body mass improvement in elderly (investigational); Cancer-associated muscle wasting (prior clinical program)
Administration
Oral
Timing
Once daily oral administration; no specific timing requirement reported
Cycle length
16-72 weeks (trial dependent)Step-wise Titration
- Half-life
- Approximately
- Storage
- Dry: Controlled room temperature (15-30 degrees C)
- Contraindications
- Known hypersensitivity to enobosarm or any excipient; Pregnancy and breastfeeding (androgen receptor modulation may cause fetal harm); Hormone-sensitive cancers (androgen receptor activation may stimulate tumor grow; Active liver disease or significantly elevated liver enzymesFrequency distributi
- Research status
- Phase 2b
- Legal status
- US: Investigational
- Research evidence
- moderate
- Indications
- Muscle preservation during GLP-1 receptor agonist weight loss therapy; Lean body mass improvement in elderly (investigational); Cancer-associated muscle wasting (prior clinical program)
- Chemical data
- CAS 841205-47-8 · C19H14F3N3O3 · 389.33 Da
- Amino acids
- 48 aa
gubamy
How it works:
MET-097i
aka PF-3944, MET-097
How it works: MET-097i (PF-3944) is an ultra-long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist developed using Metsera's proprietary HALO (Half-life Augmented Linker and Oligomer) platform. With a half-life of approximately 380 hours, it enables once-monthly subcutaneous dosing. In Phase 2b (VESPER-3), a weekly-to-monthly transition protocol achieved 12.3% weight loss at 28 weeks. Pfizer acquired Metsera for approximately $10
Obesity and overweight with comorbidities; Type 2 diabetes (potential future indication)
Administration
SC
Timing
Weekly-to-monthly transition protocol used in clinical trials; initial weekly dosing before transitioning to once-monthly injection
Cycle length
28 weeks (Phase 2b)
- Half-life
- for monthly GLP-1 agonism.","url":"https://www.peptideprotocolwiki.com/peptides/
- Contraindications
- Investigational compound: not approved for clinical use; Expected class contraindications based on GLP-1 receptor agonist class including; Drug interactions not fully characterized. GLP-1 receptor activation delays gast
- Research status
- Phase 2b
- Legal status
- US: Investigational
- Research evidence
- low
- Indications
- Obesity and overweight with comorbidities; Type 2 diabetes (potential future indication)
- Chemical data
- Proprietary (not publicly disclosed) · 4500 Da
- Amino acids
- 66 aa
Petrelintide
aka ZP8396
How it works: Petrelintide (ZP8396) is a 36-amino acid acylated amylin analog developed by Zealand Pharma and licensed to Roche in a deal worth up to $5.3 billion. Designed for once-weekly subcutaneous administration, it restores amylin signaling to reduce appetite and promote weight loss. In Phase 1b, 8.6% body weight loss was observed at 4.8 mg over 16 doses. Phase 2b ZUPREME trials are underway.New to metabo
Obesity and overweight with comorbidities; Potential combination therapy with GLP-1 receptor agonists
Administration
SC
Timing
Dose escalation protocol used in Phase 1b; ZUPREME Phase 2b trials evaluating optimized dosing
Cycle length
16 doses (Phase 1b)
- Half-life
- Approximately 4-7 days (supports once-weekly dosing)
- Contraindications
- Investigational compound: not approved for clinical use; Expected caution in patients with gastroparesis or severe gastrointestinal motil; Drug interactions not fully characterized. Amylin analogs slow gastric emptying,
- Research status
- Phase 1b
- Legal status
- US: Investigational
- Research evidence
- low
- Indications
- Obesity and overweight with comorbidities; Potential combination therapy with GLP-1 receptor agonists
- Chemical data
- C185H305N49O61 · 4170 Da
- Amino acids
- 55 aa
Ribupatide
aka HRS9531, KAI-9531, HRS-9531
How it works: Ribupatide (HRS9531/KAI-9531) is a dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonist developed by Hengrui Pharma (China) and Kailera Therapeutics (global). It is being developed in both injectable and oral formulations. In Phase 2, the injectable 8 mg dose achieved 21.1% placebo-adjusted weight loss at 36 weeks with 59% of participants losing 20% or more. The oral formulation achieved 12.1% weight loss at 26 weeks.
Chronic weight management in adults with obesity or overweight; Potential type 2 diabetes treatment (under investigation)
Administration
SC
Timing
Dose escalation used to minimize GI side effects. Both injectable and oral formulations are under investigation.
Cycle length
26-36 weeks (Phase 2 trials)
- Half-life
- Suitable for once-weekly injection (specific value not disclosed)
- Contraindications
- Investigational compound: not approved for clinical use; use only within clinica; Expected class contraindications: personal or family history of medullary thyroi; Pregnancy and breastfeeding (expected contraindication based on class)Frequency; Insulin and sulfonylureas: increased hypoglycemia risk expected based on GLP-1/G
- Research status
- Phase 3
- FDA status
- Not approved
- Legal status
- US: Investigational
- Research evidence
- moderate
- Indications
- Chronic weight management in adults with obesity or overweight; Potential type 2 diabetes treatment (under investigation)
- Chemical data
- Proprietary (not disclosed) · 4800 Da
- Amino acids
- 22 aa
Survodutide
aka BI 456906
How it works: Survodutide (BI 456906) is a dual glucagon receptor (GCGR) and GLP-1 receptor agonist developed by Boehringer Ingelheim currently in Phase 3 clinical trials for obesity and MASH/NASH. It uniquely combines GLP-1 signaling for appetite suppression with glucagon signaling for increased energy expenditure.New to metabolic peptides?Browse all metabolic peptides →Table of Contents📌TL;DR•Dual GLP-1/gluc
Obesity treatment (Phase 3); MASH/NASH therapy; Metabolic syndrome research; Type 2 diabetes investigation
Administration
SC
Timing
Same day each week, any time of day✓ Rotate injection sites
Cycle length
46-48 weeks in Phase 2 trials (chronic therapy expected)Step-wise Titration
- Half-life
- Approximately 6-7 days (estimated from weekly dosing)
- Storage
- Dry: Storage conditions for survodutide in clinical trials have not been publicly detailed. Based on the pharmacological class and lipid-modified peptide f
- Contraindications
- Personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) or Multiple Endo; Severe gastrointestinal disease including gastroparesis, inflammatory bowel dise; Pregnancy (incretin-based therapies may cause fetal harm based on animal data; s
- Research status
- Phase 3
- FDA status
- Not approved
- Legal status
- US: Investigational
- Research evidence
- moderate
- Indications
- Obesity treatment (Phase 3); MASH/NASH therapy; Metabolic syndrome research; Type 2 diabetes investigation
- Chemical data
- CAS 2375568-58-4 · C192H289N47O61 · 4231.62 Da
- Amino acids
- 262 aa
taspoglutide
How it works:
Trevogrumab
aka REGN1033, REGN-1033, SAR-391786
How it works: Trevogrumab (REGN1033) is a fully human IgG4 monoclonal antibody that selectively binds and neutralizes myostatin (GDF-8), the primary negative regulator of skeletal muscle mass. Developed by Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, it is being evaluated in the Phase 2 COURAGE trial in combination with semaglutide for preserving lean mass during weight loss in patients with obesity. At 26 weeks, adding trevogru
Lean mass preservation during GLP-1 agonist therapy for obesity; Potential treatment for sarcopenia and muscle wasting conditions; Body composition optimization during weight loss
Administration
SC
Timing
Administered in combination with semaglutide 2.4 mg SC weekly in the COURAGE trial. Clinical trial setting only.
Cycle length
26-week weight-loss phase followed by 26-week maintenance
- Half-life
- Specific half-life not publicly reported. As an IgG4 antibody, the expected half
- Contraindications
- Trevogrumab has not been approved for any indication. Formal contraindications h; Pregnancy and breastfeeding, as myostatin signaling may play roles in fetal musc; Conditions requiring maintained myostatin signaling for physiological balance (t; GLP-1 receptor agonists (semaglutide
- Research status
- Phase 2
- FDA status
- Not approved
- Legal status
- US: Investigational
- Research evidence
- moderate
- Indications
- Lean mass preservation during GLP-1 agonist therapy for obesity; Potential treatment for sarcopenia and muscle wasting conditions; Body composition optimization during weight loss
- Chemical data
- CAS 1429201-24-0 · Complex immunoglobulin · 150000 Da
- Amino acids
- 221 aa
Zovaglutide
aka ZT-002
How it works: Zovaglutide (ZT-002) is a novel GLP-1 receptor agonist featuring a dual-fatty acid chain design that enables once-monthly subcutaneous dosing. In phase 2 trials, the 160 mg monthly dose achieved 13.8% body weight reduction at 24 weeks, with only 1.3% GI-related discontinuation. Developed by QL Biopharm, it has advanced to phase 3.New to metabolic peptides?Browse all metabolic peptides →Table of Co
Obesity and overweight (weight management); Type 2 diabetes (potential future indication)
Administration
SC
Timing
Monthly subcutaneous injection with dose escalation✓ Rotate injection sites
Cycle length
OngoingStep-wise Titration (8 weeks)
- Half-life
- pharmacokinetics, and GLP-1 receptor binding.","url":"https://www.peptideprotoco
- Storage
- Dry: Likely refrigerated (2-8 degrees C). Consult product-specific guidance.
- Contraindications
- Known hypersensitivity to zovaglutide or any excipient (presumed based on GLP-1; Personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma or MEN2 (GLP-1 RA clas; History of pancreatitis (GLP-1 RA class precaution)Frequency distribution of rep; Potential to slow gastric emptying, which may affect absorption of concomitant o
- Research status
- Phase 2
- FDA status
- Not approved
- Legal status
- US: Investigational
- Research evidence
- low
- Indications
- Obesity and overweight (weight management); Type 2 diabetes (potential future indication)
- Chemical data
- Proprietary (not publicly disclosed) · 4500 Da
- Amino acids
- 89 aa
Example stacks
Fat Loss - Beginner
A clean single-compound starting point. AOD-9604 targets fat breakdown directly without the complexity of a full GH stack.
- • Inject fasted - 2-3 hrs after last meal
- • Stay in a caloric deficit
- • Give it 6+ weeks before assessing
Fat Loss - Intermediate
Combines appetite suppression via semaglutide with targeted lipolysis from AOD-9604. Two different mechanisms working together.
- • Titrate semaglutide slowly - increase every 4 weeks if tolerated
- • Stay well hydrated throughout
- • Track muscle mass alongside body weight
Community outcome data
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