Longevity
Research compounds studied for telomere support, mitochondrial function, gene expression modulation, and cellular repair. Typically run in short annual cycles.
Most researched for Longevity
Epithalon
The most researched longevity peptide in this category with the longest publication history. A tetrapeptide from the pineal gland studied for telomere elongation, melatonin restoration, and circadian rhythm normalization. Typically run as a 10-20 day cycle once or twice per year - a unique protocol structure that distinguishes it from other compounds in this space.
Body Protection Compound-157
aka BPC-157, BPC 157, Pentadecapeptide BPC 157, PL-14736
How it works: Reduces oxidative stress and inflammation while preventing apoptosis-driven cell death in ischemic tissue.
Ischemia-reperfusion injury protection, skeletal muscle injury recovery, oxidative stress mitigation
Research dose
20-20 µg/kg, Once or twice daily
Administration
Intraperitoneal injection
Timing
Morning fasted or near injury site
Cycle length
4-12 weeks
Common side effects: No major adverse effects reported in available studies
Community take: Preclinical research demonstrates BPC-157 has significant cytoprotective potential in ischemia-reperfusion injury models, though clinical translation remains uncertain and larger studies are needed.
- Half-life
- Approximately 4 hours (estimated from animal studies)
- Storage
- Dry: Lyophilized powder: Store at -20°C. Reconstituted solution: Store at 2-8°C (refrigerated) and use within 4 weeks. Protect from light.
- Reconstitution
- Bacteriostatic water
- Contraindications
- Pregnancy and breastfeeding (no safety data); Active cancer (theoretical concerns about growth factors); Autoimmune conditions (potential immune modulation); Children and adolescents (no pediatric data)Frequency distribution of reported s
- Secondary uses
- Angiogenesis support, anti-inflammatory effects, interstitial cystitis
- Research status
- Preclinical (rat model study, 2026)
- FDA status
- Not approved; regulatory restrictions noted
- Legal status
- US: Research use only; PCAC review July 2026
- Research evidence
- low
- Indications
- Gastrointestinal healing and protection (preclinical); Tendon and ligament repair research (preclinical); Musculoskeletal injury recovery (preclinical); Wound healing and tissue repair (preclinical); Neuroprotection and spinal cord injury (preclinical)
- Chemical data
- CAS 137525-51-0 · C62H98N16O22 · 1419.53 Da
- Amino acids
- 59 aa
Epitalon
aka Ala-Glut-Asp-Gly tetrapeptide, Epitalone, Epithalon, Epithalone
How it works: Activates telomerase to improve oocyte maturation and embryo viability.
Telomerase activation, oocyte maturation, embryo development
Research dose
5-10 mg, Daily ×10–20 day cycle
Real-world (reported)
5–10 mg SC daily ×10–20 consecutive days; 2 cycles/year (spring/fall). Intranasal: 2–3 drops/nostril ×10 days.
Administration
SC / IM / Intranasal
Timing
AM or PM (no strong data)
Cycle length
10–20 days; 2× per year
Real-world figures are community-reported, not medical advice.
Common side effects: Generally well tolerated in Russian trials; mild injection-site reactions
Community take: Research demonstrates Epitalon significantly improves bovine oocyte maturation rate (p < 0.05) and post-thawed blastocyst hatching rate and implantation potential, with measurable improvements in cellular health markers including ROS levels and mitochondrial function.
- Onset
- Sleep effects within days; biomarker changes weeks–months
- Half-life
- Minutes plasma
- Storage
- Dry: Fridge 2–8°C; freeze >6 mo; protect from light · Reconstituted: Refrigerate; use within 28 days
- Reconstitution
- Add 1–2 mL BAC water to 10 mg vial = 5–10 mg/mL; 5 mg dose = 50–100 IU
- Rare side effects
- Limited long-term human safety data; theoretical unrestricted telomerase activation cancer risk
- Contraindications
- Active malignancy (theoretical); pregnancy; Active cancer or history of cancer (telomerase activation is a hallmark of malig; Pregnancy and breastfeeding (no reproductive toxicity or safety data exist for E; Melatonin supplements (Epitalon is proposed to increase endogenous melatonin pro
- Drug interactions
- No significant drug interactions documented
- Recommended bloodwork
- Telomere length testing (research context); melatonin; CBC long cycles
- Stacks well with
- GHK-Cu: anti-aging synergy. Thymalin: immune support (Russian longevity protocol). CJC+Ipa: GH complement.
- Secondary uses
- Antimutagenic effects, melatonin synthesis modulation, immune modulation
- Research status
- Preclinical — bovine in vitro embryo production study
- FDA status
- Not approved
- Legal status
- US: Research use only; PCAC July 2026 · UK: Legal for research · Canada: Legal research chemical · Australia: Schedule 4 · EU: Unregulated most EU
- Typical price
- $30–$70 / 10 mg vial
- Research evidence
- very-low
- Indications
- Telomere biology research; Anti-aging and longevity studies; Pineal gland function research; Bioregulation peptide research
- Chemical data
- CAS 307297-39-8 · C14H22N4O9 · 390.3 Da
- Amino acids
- 15 aa
Humanin
aka HN, HNG, S14G-HN
How it works: A mitochondria-derived peptide with neuroprotective and cytoprotective effects studied in Alzheimer's and aging research.
Neuroprotection; Alzheimer's; metabolic cytoprotection; anti-aging
Research dose
1-5 mg, Every other day or daily
Real-world (reported)
2–5 mg SubQ every other day.
Administration
SubQ
Timing
Any time
Cycle length
4–8 weeks
Real-world figures are community-reported, not medical advice.
Common side effects: Very limited data: injection-site; mild headache
Community take: [ANECDOTAL] Parent of HNG. Some prefer at higher dose vs HNG lower dose. Limited community.
- Onset
- Biomarker/metabolic changes 2–4 wks
- Half-life
- Hours
- Storage
- Dry: Freeze –20°C; protect from light · Reconstituted: Refrigerate; use within 21 days
- Reconstitution
- Add 1 mL BAC water to 5 mg vial
- Rare side effects
- No human clinical trial safety data
- Contraindications
- Active malignancy; pregnancy; insulin-sensitive conditions; Not approved for human use by any regulatory agency; Theoretical contraindication in individuals with active malignancies due to anti; Known hypersensitivity to humanin or any formulation componentFrequency distribu; Theoretical interaction with chemotherapy agents (may reduce efficacy of apoptos
- Drug interactions
- Insulin; metabolic compounds
- Recommended bloodwork
- Fasting glucose; cognitive assessments; CBC
- Stacks well with
- HNG: 1000× more potent version. SS-31: mitochondrial stack. MOTS-c: mitokine complement.
- Secondary uses
- Cardiovascular protection; insulin sensitivity; retinal protection
- Research status
- Preclinical extensive; some human aging correlation studies
- FDA status
- No
- Legal status
- US: Research use only · UK: Legal for research · Canada: Legal research chemical · Australia: Schedule 4 · EU: Unregulated
- Typical price
- $80–$200 / 5 mg vial
- Research evidence
- low
- Indications
- Neuroprotection research; Aging and longevity studies; Metabolic disease models; Cytoprotection research
- Chemical data
- CAS 330936-69-1 · C119H204N34O33S2 · 2687.3 Da
- Amino acids
- 24 aa
Thymalin
aka Thymalin (thymus bioregulator extract), Thymic Factor, Thymalin Peptide
How it works: A thymus-derived peptide mixture that supports thymic function and immune system restoration with aging.
Immune senescence reversal; T-cell restoration; longevity
Research dose
5-10 mg, Daily ×10 day course
Real-world (reported)
5–10 mg SC daily ×10 consecutive days; 2 cycles/year. Part of Russian anti-aging 3-peptide stack.
Administration
SC / IM
Timing
Any time
Cycle length
10 days; 2× per year
Real-world figures are community-reported, not medical advice.
Common side effects: Generally well tolerated; mild injection-site reactions
Community take: [ANECDOTAL – Longevity community] Part of Russian anti-aging protocols. Used alongside Epitalon. Reports of improved immunity, energy, well-being during course.
- Onset
- Immune parameters 4–8 wks; subjective improvement during course
- Half-life
- Hours (peptide extract)
- Storage
- Dry: Fridge 2–8°C; freeze long-term · Reconstituted: Refrigerate; use within 28 days
- Reconstitution
- Add 1 mL BAC water to 10 mg vial = 10 mg/mL; 5 mg dose = 50 IU
- Rare side effects
- Limited long-term human safety data outside Russian research
- Contraindications
- Autoimmune disease requiring immunosuppression; pregnancy; Known hypersensitivity to thymalin or bovine-derived biological products; Active autoimmune diseases in flare (thymalin may exacerbate autoimmune response; Organ transplant recipients on immunosuppressive therapy; Pregnancy and lactation (insufficient safety data)
- Drug interactions
- Immunosuppressants
- Recommended bloodwork
- CBC; CD4/CD8 ratio; NK cell activity
- Stacks well with
- Epitalon: telomere support. GHK-Cu: tissue repair. Thymosin Alpha-1: complementary immune support.
- Secondary uses
- Infection resistance; autoimmune modulation
- Research status
- Russian clinical research (Khavinson protocols); limited Western replication; animal lifespan studies positive
- FDA status
- No
- Legal status
- US: Research use only · UK: Legal for research · Canada: Legal research chemical · Australia: Schedule 4 · EU: Unregulated
- Typical price
- $30–$60 / 10 mg vial
- Research evidence
- low
- Indications
- Immune system restoration and modulation research; Aging and longevity studies; Thymic function and T-cell maturation research; Bioregulatory peptide therapy investigations
- Chemical data
- C16H19N3O5 · 333.34 Da
- Amino acids
- 50 aa
MOTS-c
aka Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA-c, Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA Type-c
How it works: Regulates mitochondrial function and AMPK signaling to support metabolic health and cellular energy production.
Metabolic regulation; insulin sensitivity; exercise performance; healthy aging
Research dose
5-10 mg, 2–3×/week
Real-world (reported)
5–10 mg SubQ 2–3×/week. Very limited community protocols — follow preclinical dosing extrapolations.
Administration
SubQ
Timing
Any time
Cycle length
8–12 weeks
Real-world figures are community-reported, not medical advice.
Common side effects: Injection-site irritation; headache (rare); fatigue (rare)
Community take: [ANECDOTAL] Emerging interest in longevity community. 'Mitochondrial fitness peptide.' Reports of improved energy, metabolic markers, exercise recovery.
- Onset
- Metabolic parameters 4–8 wks
- Half-life
- Hours
- Storage
- Dry: Fridge 2–8°C; freeze long-term · Reconstituted: Refrigerate; use within 28 days
- Reconstitution
- Add 2 mL BAC water to 10 mg vial = 5 mg/mL; 5 mg dose = 10 IU
- Rare side effects
- Limited long-term human safety data
- Contraindications
- Active malignancy; pregnancy; Active cancer (theoretical concern due to AMPK-mediated metabolic effects and po; Pregnancy and breastfeeding (no reproductive toxicity or safety data available); Children and adolescents (no pediatric data available)Frequency distribution of; Metformin and other AMPK activators (potential for additive or synergistic AMPK
- Drug interactions
- No significant interactions documented
- Recommended bloodwork
- Fasting glucose; HbA1c; lipid panel; body composition; IGF-1
- Stacks well with
- SS-31 (mitochondrial stack). 5-Amino-1MQ (NNMT inhibitor + AMPK — metabolic stack).
- Secondary uses
- Mitochondrial function; fat metabolism; longevity
- Research status
- Preclinical robust; some human Phase 1 pharmacokinetic data; FDA PCAC review April 2026
- FDA status
- No
- Legal status
- US: Research use only; PCAC July 2026 · UK: Legal for research · Canada: Legal research chemical · Australia: Schedule 4 · EU: Unregulated
- Typical price
- $50–$120 / 10 mg vial
- Research evidence
- low
- Indications
- Metabolic disease research; Exercise physiology studies; Aging and longevity research; Insulin resistance investigation
- Chemical data
- CAS 1627580-64-6 · C101H152N28O22S2 · 2174.6 Da
- Amino acids
- 63 aa
Epitalon Oral
aka Oral Epitalon, Oral Epithalon capsules
How it works: An oral form of Epitalon, the telomere and sleep peptide, studied for circadian rhythm and anti-aging without injections.
Telomere support; circadian regulation; anti-aging — oral route convenience
Research dose
20-30 mg, Daily (oral)
Real-world (reported)
20–30 mg oral daily ×10–20 consecutive days. 2 cycles/year.
Administration
Oral
Timing
Morning
Cycle length
10–20 day course; 2× per year
Real-world figures are community-reported, not medical advice.
Common side effects: Generally well tolerated; rare mild GI
Community take: [ANECDOTAL] Many longevity users prefer oral for convenience vs injectable. Debate: injectable may have superior bioavailability. Community divided.
- Onset
- Sleep effects 1–2 wks; biomarker changes months
- Half-life
- Variable
- Storage
- Dry: Room temperature; dry
- Reconstitution
- N/A (pre-formulated)
- Rare side effects
- Same theoretical concerns as injectable; less studied than injectable
- Contraindications
- Active malignancy (theoretical); pregnancy
- Drug interactions
- No significant interactions
- Recommended bloodwork
- Melatonin; telomere length (research context)
- Stacks well with
- Thymalin: immune complement. GHK-Cu: tissue repair longevity stack.
- Secondary uses
- Oral convenience vs injectable; lower bioavailability debated
- Research status
- Same as injectable Epitalon; oral bioavailability based on peptide simplicity principle
- FDA status
- No
- Legal status
- US: Research use only; PCAC July 2026 · UK: Legal for research · Canada: Legal research chemical · Australia: Schedule 4 · EU: Unregulated
- Typical price
- $30–$60 / pack
Cortagen
aka AEDP, Ala-Glu-Asp-Pro
How it works: A short peptide that switches on heart-protective genes, studied for cardiovascular aging and blood-vessel function.
Cardiovascular aging support; cardiac protection; blood vessel function
Research dose
5-10 mg, Daily ×10 day course
Real-world (reported)
5–10 mg SC daily ×10 days; 2 cycles/year.
Administration
SC
Timing
Any time
Cycle length
10 days; 2× per year
Real-world figures are community-reported, not medical advice.
Common side effects: Generally well tolerated
Community take: [ANECDOTAL] Used in Russian longevity protocols for cardiovascular protection. Very small Western community.
- Onset
- Cardiac/vascular biomarker changes over weeks
- Half-life
- Hours
- Storage
- Dry: Fridge 2–8°C; freeze · Reconstituted: Refrigerate; use within 28 days
- Reconstitution
- Add 1 mL BAC water to 10 mg vial
- Rare side effects
- Very limited Western data
- Contraindications
- Active heart disease (consult cardiologist); pregnancy
- Drug interactions
- Cardiovascular medications (inform physician)
- Recommended bloodwork
- Cardiac biomarkers; BP; ECG
- Stacks well with
- Pinealon: brain + heart Khavinson protocol. Vesugen: vascular complement.
- Secondary uses
- Anti-aging heart tissue; cardiomyocyte protection
- Research status
- Russian Khavinson lab studies
- FDA status
- No
- Legal status
- US: Research use only · UK: Legal for research · Canada: Legal research chemical · Australia: Schedule 4 · EU: Unregulated
- Typical price
- $30–$70 / 10 mg vial
PNC-27
aka p53-derived Peptide, HDM2-binding Peptide, PNC27 Anticancer Peptide
How it works: An experimental cancer-research peptide that punches holes in cancer cells showing a specific surface marker while sparing normal cells.
Cancer cell-selective apoptosis induction (research only)
Real-world (reported)
Pure research; no community adoption
Administration
Research only
Timing
Research only
Cycle length
Research only
Real-world figures are community-reported, not medical advice.
Common side effects: No human safety data; theoretical cytokine release
Community take: [ANECDOTAL] NO ESTABLISHED HUMAN PROTOCOL
- Onset
- Research only
- Half-life
- Research only
- Reconstitution
- Freeze –20°C; protect from light
- Rare side effects
- ALL — no human use; active malignancy is paradox (target vs no data)
- Contraindications
- None established; Not approved for human use; any administration outside of authorized research co; Active autoimmune disease (theoretical concern due to potential immune stimulati; Known hypersensitivity to any component of the peptide formulation; Pregnancy and lactation (no reproductive toxicity data available)
- Drug interactions
- Research biomarkers only
- Recommended bloodwork
- None established for humans
- Stacks well with
- [ANECDOTAL] Extreme research niche only. No significant gray-market community.
- Secondary uses
- Potential senescent cell clearance; oncology adjunct (research)
- Research status
- Preclinical cell culture studies; very limited animal data; no human clinical trials
- FDA status
- No
- Legal status
- US: Legal for research · UK: Legal research chemical · Canada: Schedule 4 · Australia: Unregulated · EU: Extremely limited; research labs
- Typical price
- Not applicable
- Research evidence
- low
- Indications
- Selective anticancer peptide research; HDM-2 membrane expression and targeting studies; Cancer cell membrane permeabilization research; p53-HDM-2 interaction studies
- Chemical data
- CAS 1159861-00-3 · C188H293N53O44S · 4031.7 Da
- Amino acids
- 32 aa
Humanin
aka Oral / Nasal, Oral/Nasal Humanin, HN intranasal
How it works: Alternative nasal and oral forms of Humanin aimed at reaching the brain directly or the bloodstream, for neuroprotection and metabolic support.
CNS neuroprotection via intranasal route (direct nose-to-brain delivery); systemic metabolic effects via oral (debated bioavailability)
Research dose
1-3 mg, Daily (intranasal) or every other day (oral)
Real-world (reported)
1–2 mg intranasal daily — very experimental.
Administration
Intranasal / Oral
Timing
Any time
Cycle length
4–8 weeks cyclical
Real-world figures are community-reported, not medical advice.
Common side effects: Very limited data by route; headache; nasal irritation (intranasal)
Community take: [ANECDOTAL] Very limited. Intranasal route theoretically superior for CNS effects. Essentially no community data.
- Onset
- CNS effects 1–4 wks (intranasal); systemic weeks
- Half-life
- Variable by route
- Storage
- Dry: Fridge; protect from light · Reconstituted: Refrigerate; use within 14–21 days
- Reconstitution
- Intranasal: add 1 mL BAC water; nasal spray bottle
- Rare side effects
- Same as SubQ Humanin but route-specific bioavailability concerns
- Contraindications
- Same as Humanin; active malignancy; pregnancy
- Drug interactions
- Insulin; metabolic compounds
- Recommended bloodwork
- Cognitive assessments; fasting glucose
- Stacks well with
- HNG: more potent alternative. SS-31: mitochondrial complement.
- Secondary uses
- Alzheimer's; cognitive protection; convenience vs injection
- Research status
- Based on Humanin SubQ pharmacology + intranasal peptide delivery principles
- FDA status
- No
- Legal status
- US: Research use only · UK: Legal for research · Canada: Legal research chemical · Australia: Schedule 4 · EU: Unregulated
- Typical price
- $80–$200 / 5 mg (same as SubQ)
Humanin G
aka HNG, HNG, Gly14-Humanin
How it works: A far more potent version of the mitochondrial peptide Humanin, studied for protecting brain cells and metabolism, especially in Alzheimer's models.
Neuroprotection; Alzheimer's; metabolic cytoprotection; anti-aging
Research dose
0.2-2 mg, Once daily or every other day
Real-world (reported)
0.5–1 mg SubQ daily — very experimental.
Administration
SubQ
Timing
Any time
Cycle length
4–8 weeks
Real-world figures are community-reported, not medical advice.
Common side effects: Very limited data: headache; nausea (rare)
Community take: [ANECDOTAL] Higher potency than Humanin drives interest. Essentially no community experience.
- Onset
- Neuroprotective biomarker 2–4 wks
- Half-life
- Hours
- Storage
- Dry: Freeze –20°C; protect from light · Reconstituted: Refrigerate; use within 21 days
- Reconstitution
- Add 1 mL BAC water to 2 mg vial
- Rare side effects
- No human trial data; 1000× potency amplifies unknown risks
- Contraindications
- Active malignancy; pregnancy; insulin-sensitive conditions
- Drug interactions
- Insulin; metabolic compounds
- Recommended bloodwork
- Fasting glucose; cognitive assessments; CBC
- Stacks well with
- SS-31: mitochondrial stack. MOTS-c: mitokine complement.
- Secondary uses
- Cardiovascular protection; insulin sensitivity; retinal protection
- Research status
- Preclinical extensive; no human clinical trials as HNG
- FDA status
- No
- Legal status
- US: Research use only · UK: Legal for research · Canada: Legal research chemical · Australia: Schedule 4 · EU: Unregulated
- Typical price
- $100–$500 / 2 mg vial
P021
aka Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor-derived Tetrapeptide, P21, Peptide 6, CNTF mimetic
How it works: P21 crosses the blood-brain barrier and increases BDNF levels in the brain, stimulating the formation of new neurons and synaptic connections.
Neurogenesis promotion, cognitive enhancement, Alzheimer's disease neuroprotection, age-related cognitive decline
Research dose
100-500 mcg, [ANECDOTAL] Once daily
Real-world (reported)
SubQ: 100–500 mcg daily; Intranasal: 500 mcg–4 mg daily depending on protocol
Administration
SubQ: 100-500 mcg daily x 4-6 weeks; Intranasally: 500 mcg-1mg daily, increased to 2-4mg for acute effects
Timing
[ANECDOTAL] Morning administration is preferred as P21 may have stimulating effects that could interfere with sleep if taken later in the day.
Cycle length
[ANECDOTAL] 4–6 weeks (SubQ); up to 18 months tolerated in animal studies
Real-world figures are community-reported, not medical advice.
Common side effects: Injection site reactions, Headache, Fatigue; mild irritation, stinging, or congestion at the nasal passages when using intranasal spray administration (local effect related to the delivery method rather than the peptide itself)
Community take: Studies in 3xTg-AD mice suggest that chronic treatment with P021 restores cognitive function, increases neurogenesis and synaptic markers, and reduces Aβ and tau. Community consensus emphasizes preclinical efficacy but acknowledges lack of human trial data.
- Onset
- [ANECDOTAL] P21 effects typically become noticeable within 1-2 weeks of consistent use, with peak cognitive benefits often observed after 4-6 weeks of regular administration.
- Storage
- Dry: Lyophilized P21 should be stored frozen at minus 20 degrees Celsius for long-term storage. · Reconstituted: After reconstitution with bacteriostatic water, store refrigerated at 2 to 8 degrees Celsius and use within 2 to 4 weeks.
- Rare side effects
- Mild gastrointestinal disturbance with oral use, occasional headache or fatigue
- Contraindications
- Safety in humans has not been assessed.
- Secondary uses
- Synaptic plasticity enhancement, tau pathology reduction, BDNF upregulation
- Research status
- There are no clinical trials ongoing that are testing P021, based on ClinicalTrials.gov.
- FDA status
- P21 has not entered any Investigational New Drug (IND) program with FDA; it is a research reagent, not a clinical drug candidate with an active regulatory pathway.
- Legal status
- US: Not approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), European Medicines Agency (EMA), or any other major regulatory authority for human therapeutic use. The compound is classified as an investigational new drug and is legally available only for research purposes.
- Typical price
- [ANECDOTAL] $40–$152 per vial (vendor-dependent, research chemical pricing)
- Research evidence
- moderate
- Chemical data
- C24H40N8O10 · 600.62 g/mol
- Amino acids
- 4 aa
CJC-1295
aka Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone Analog, CJC-1295 DAC, CJC-1295 with DAC, CJC-1295 no DAC
How it works: One injection keeps signaling the pituitary to release growth hormone for nearly a week.
Growth hormone stimulation, IGF-1 elevation, recovery optimization, body composition modulation
Research dose
30-60 mcg/kg, With DAC: 2 mg once weekly or every 2 weeks. No DAC: 100–300 mcg per injection, 2–3 times daily.
Real-world (reported)
No DAC: 100–300 mcg per injection, 2–3 times daily; With DAC: 2 mg once weekly or every 2 weeks.
Administration
Subcutaneous injection.
Timing
CJC-1295 should be taken in the morning, as it is a growth hormone releasing peptide that can help to increase energy and alertness.
Cycle length
Cycles typically 8-12 weeks based on community protocols; IGF-1 remains elevated for up to 28 days with multiple doses.
Real-world figures are community-reported, not medical advice.
Common side effects: Injection-site reactions: pain, redness, itching, induration (lumps under the skin), and swelling. Injection site reactions occurred in 80 percent of subjects.
Community take: Most research-community protocols use no-DAC for biomimetic pulses and ability to time around workouts/sleep; DAC version is more convenient (weekly) but produces sustained rather than pulsatile GH elevation.
- Onset
- IGF-1 elevation measurable within 2-3 weeks; body composition effects gradual over 8-12 weeks.
- Half-life
- The estimated half-life of CJC-1295 was 5.8-8.1 d. CJC-1295 no DAC has a 30-minute half-life.
- Storage
- Dry: Lyophilized powder stored refrigerated (2-8°C) before reconstitution. · Reconstituted: Refrigerated storage for the reconstituted vial.
- Reconstitution
- 10 mg vial + 3.0 mL BAC water = about 3,333 mcg/mL.
- Rare side effects
- Water retention, paresthesia.
- Contraindications
- Significant cardiovascular disease; Diabetes or pre-diabetes; Pregnancy or lactation; Known peptide hypersensitivity; Anyone without qualified clinician oversight.
- Drug interactions
- Glucocorticoids blunt response; insulin timing
- Recommended bloodwork
- IGF-1 (baseline, mid-cycle, and end of cycle) under clinician oversight; Fasting glucose and HbA1c; Blood pressure and resting heart rate during cycles.
- Stacks well with
- CJC-1295 + Ipamorelin combination is mechanistically synergistic: GHRH priming + GHSR triggering produces GH pulses far exceeding either compound alone.
- Secondary uses
- Potential treatment for lipodystrophy, growth hormone deficiency
- Research status
- Phase 1 trials and a halted Phase 2 trial, published between 2005 and 2009.
- FDA status
- As of February 14, 2026, CJC-1295 lacks FDA approval for any indication and is primarily available through compounding pharmacies or research chemical suppliers.
- Legal status
- US: As of June 2026, CJC-1295 with DAC is not FDA-approved and has no active approval pathway. · UK: Legal for research · Canada: Legal research chemical · Australia: Schedule 4 · EU: Unregulated
- Typical price
- $25–$60 / 2 mg vial
- Research evidence
- low
- Indications
- Growth hormone axis research; Pulsatile GH stimulation studies; Body composition research; Combination protocols with GHRP peptides
- Chemical data
- CAS 863288-34-0 · C152H252N44O42 · 3367.9 Da
- Amino acids
- 2121 aa
FOXO4-DRI
aka Proxofim, FOXO4-D-Retro-Inverso, FOXO4 DRI
How it works: A senolytic that triggers worn-out senescent cells to self-destruct while leaving healthy cells alone, studied for tissue rejuvenation.
Senescent cell clearance; anti-aging; tissue rejuvenation
Research dose
5-10 mg, Intermittent; 3 consecutive days monthly
Real-world (reported)
5 mg SubQ daily ×3 consecutive days, once monthly. Very experimental — no established protocol.
Administration
SubQ / IP (animal studies)
Timing
Intermittent pulse dosing only
Cycle length
Monthly 3-day pulse; not chronic daily
Real-world figures are community-reported, not medical advice.
Common side effects: Very limited human data: injection-site reactions; potential immune activation (senescent cell clearance releases SASP factors transiently)
Community take: [ANECDOTAL – extreme longevity biohackers] Very small community; considered cutting-edge. Bryan Johnson and similar self-experimenters referenced. Highly experimental. No consensus protocols.
- Onset
- Senescent cell clearance may take weeks to manifest
- Half-life
- Hours
- Storage
- Dry: Freeze –20°C; stable when frozen · Reconstituted: Refrigerate; use within 14 days; freeze aliquots
- Reconstitution
- Add 1 mL BAC water or acetic acid to vial
- Rare side effects
- SASP release with senescent cell clearance (transient inflammatory surge); tumor promotion (senescent cells sometimes suppress tumor growth — removing them theoretical oncology risk)
- Contraindications
- Active malignancy or cancer predisposition (controversial); pregnancy; Immunocompromised states (effects on immune-mediated senescent cell populations; Active infection (senescent cells may play protective roles during active infect; Pregnancy and breastfeeding (no reproductive toxicity data available; potential; Children and adolescents (senescence plays roles in normal development; effects
- Drug interactions
- Immunosuppressants; chemotherapy agents (complex interaction)
- Recommended bloodwork
- Senescence biomarkers (p21, p16 if accessible); IL-6; CRP; CBC
- Stacks well with
- Navitoclax (different senolytic mechanism — intermittent combination studied preclinically).
- Secondary uses
- Fibrosis reduction; potential oncology (senescent cancer cell clearance); healthspan extension
- Research status
- Preclinical: van Deursen lab (Baker et al. 2011 Nature senescence clearance concept); FOXO4-DRI (Baar et al. 2017 Cell); no human clinical trials
- FDA status
- No
- Legal status
- US: Research use only; highly experimental · UK: Legal for research · Canada: Legal research chemical · Australia: Schedule 4 · EU: Unregulated
- Typical price
- $500–$2000+ / 10 mg
- Research evidence
- very-low
- Indications
- Senescence research; Anti-aging studies; Cellular rejuvenation research; Senolytic therapy development
- Chemical data
- C228H388N86O64 · 4826.5 Da
- Amino acids
- 69 aa
Pinealon
aka EDR, Glu-Asp-Arg, EDR Peptide
How it works: A short brain peptide that switches on neuron-protecting genes, studied for sleep, cognition, and brain aging.
Cognitive aging protection; neuroprotection; sleep/circadian modulation
Research dose
5-10 mg, Daily ×10 day course
Real-world (reported)
5–10 mg SC daily ×10 days; 2 cycles/year.
Administration
SC / Intranasal
Timing
AM preferred
Cycle length
10 days; 2× per year
Real-world figures are community-reported, not medical advice.
Common side effects: Generally well tolerated; mild injection-site reactions
Community take: [ANECDOTAL] Positive reports of improved mental clarity, memory, sleep during course. Small enthusiast community.
- Onset
- Subjective cognitive improvement 1–2 wks of course
- Half-life
- Hours
- Storage
- Dry: Fridge 2–8°C; freeze long-term · Reconstituted: Refrigerate; use within 28 days
- Reconstitution
- Add 1 mL BAC water to 10 mg vial = 10 mg/mL
- Rare side effects
- Very limited Western safety data
- Contraindications
- Active malignancy; pregnancy; Pregnancy and lactation: no human safety data; epigenetic DNA/histone interactio; Active or recent cancer: preclinical signals of anti-apoptotic and proliferative; Immunocompromised individuals: Pinealon reduces neutrophil ROS/respiratory burst
- Drug interactions
- No significant documented interactions
- Recommended bloodwork
- Cognitive assessments; optional BDNF
- Stacks well with
- Epitalon: anti-aging stack. Cortagen: brain + heart Khavinson protocol.
- Secondary uses
- Brain anti-aging; memory preservation; anti-Alzheimer's (preclinical)
- Research status
- Russian Khavinson lab animal and limited human studies; no Western RCTs
- FDA status
- No
- Legal status
- US: Research use only · UK: Legal for research · Canada: Legal research chemical · Australia: Schedule 4 · EU: Unregulated
- Typical price
- $30–$70 / 10 mg vial
- Research evidence
- low
- Indications
- Neuroprotection and cognitive function research; Peptide bioregulation studies; Epigenetic modulation investigations; Aging and neurodegeneration research
- Chemical data
- C15H24N4O9 · 404.37 Da
- Amino acids
- 17 aa
SS-31
aka Elamipretide, Elamipretide, MTP-131, Bendavia
How it works: Targets the powerhouses of your cells (mitochondria), stabilizing them and cutting damaging free radicals, studied for energy and heart protection.
Mitochondrial dysfunction correction; heart failure; ischemia/reperfusion injury; aging
Research dose
40-40 mg, Once daily
Real-world (reported)
40 mg SubQ daily following Phase 2 trial protocol. Very limited community experience.
Administration
SubQ
Timing
Any time
Cycle length
1–4 weeks (trial protocol)
Real-world figures are community-reported, not medical advice.
Common side effects: Injection-site reactions; headache; fatigue (variable)
Community take: [ANECDOTAL – advanced biohacker] Very small community. Used for mitochondrial aging, chronic fatigue, post-COVID fatigue. Positive Phase 2 cardiac data drives interest.
- Onset
- Energy/mitochondrial markers 1–2 wks; cardiac function 4 wks
- Half-life
- ~2.4h
- Storage
- Dry: Fridge 2–8°C; freeze long-term · Reconstituted: Refrigerate; use within 28 days
- Reconstitution
- Add 2 mL sterile water to 40 mg vial = 20 mg/mL
- Rare side effects
- Limited long-term data beyond trial protocols
- Contraindications
- Allergy to any component; pregnancy; Severe cardiac conduction abnormalities (limited safety data in patients with ad; Pregnancy (no human data; avoid unless benefit clearly outweighs potential risk); Other mitochondrial-targeted agents (theoretical risk of additive effects on mit; Cardiotoxic drugs (potential for altered cardioprotective or cardiotoxic interac
- Drug interactions
- No significant documented interactions
- Recommended bloodwork
- Mitochondrial function markers (lactate/pyruvate ratio); echocardiogram (if cardiac indication); fatigue scores; exercise capacity
- Stacks well with
- MOTS-c: mitochondrial health stack. Cerebrolysin: neuroprotection + energy metabolism stack.
- Secondary uses
- Energy metabolism; renal protection; muscle mitochondrial function; Barth syndrome
- Research status
- Phase 2 human trials (heart failure — HVAD, PROGRESS-HF); Phase 2 ischemia-reperfusion; Barth syndrome trials; orphan drug status
- FDA status
- No
- Legal status
- US: Research use only; orphan drug status; Phase 2/3 pipeline · UK: Legal for research · Canada: Legal research chemical · Australia: Schedule 4 · EU: Unregulated
- Typical price
- $500–$2000+ / 40 mg (trial pricing)
- Research evidence
- moderate
- Indications
- Barth syndrome treatment (Phase 3); Heart failure research; Mitochondrial myopathy investigation; Age-related mitochondrial dysfunction
- Chemical data
- CAS 736992-21-5 · C32H49N9O5 · 639.8 Da
- Amino acids
- 221 aa
Vesugen
aka KED, Lys-Glu-Asp, Vesugen peptide
How it works: A short peptide that switches on blood-vessel repair genes, studied for vascular anti-aging.
Blood vessel anti-aging; endothelial function; vascular tone; atherosclerosis prevention
Research dose
5-10 mg, Daily ×10 day course
Real-world (reported)
5–10 mg SC ×10 days; 2 cycles/year alongside Cortagen.
Administration
SC
Timing
Any time
Cycle length
10 days; 2× per year
Real-world figures are community-reported, not medical advice.
Common side effects: Generally well tolerated
Community take: [ANECDOTAL] Russian cardiovascular aging protocol. Western niche.
- Onset
- Vascular biomarker changes over weeks
- Half-life
- Hours
- Storage
- Dry: Fridge 2–8°C; freeze · Reconstituted: Refrigerate; use within 28 days
- Reconstitution
- Add 1 mL BAC water to 10 mg vial
- Rare side effects
- Very limited Western data
- Contraindications
- Active CV disease (consult physician); pregnancy; Pregnancy and breastfeeding (no safety data); Children and adolescents (no indication; no safety data); Active malignancy or known precancerous lesions (theoretical concern given gene-; Known hypersensitivity to short peptides
- Drug interactions
- Antihypertensives (inform physician)
- Recommended bloodwork
- BP; endothelial biomarkers; lipid panel
- Stacks well with
- Cortagen: cardiac complement. Full Khavinson cardiovascular protocol.
- Secondary uses
- Hypertension support; vascular aging biomarker improvement
- Research status
- Russian Khavinson lab vascular aging studies
- FDA status
- No
- Legal status
- US: Research use only · UK: Legal for research · Canada: Legal research chemical · Australia: Schedule 4 · EU: Unregulated
- Typical price
- $30–$70 / 10 mg vial
- Research evidence
- very-low
- Indications
- Preclinical research into vascular aging and endothelial dysfunction; Bioregulatory peptide gene-expression studies; Comparative research alongside other Khavinson short peptides
- Chemical data
- C15H26N4O8 · 390.39 Da
- Amino acids
- 11 aa
Pinealon + Epitalon
aka Anti-Aging Combo, Pinealon + Epitalon combination protocol
How it works: A combo pairing Pinealon (brain-protective genes) with Epitalon (telomere and pineal support) for brain and longevity anti-aging.
Brain aging + telomere aging addressed simultaneously; circadian + neuroprotective synergy
Real-world (reported)
5–10 mg each SC daily ×10 days; 2 cycles/year. Can inject simultaneously.
Administration
SC (both)
Timing
AM injection
Cycle length
10 consecutive days; 2× per year
Real-world figures are community-reported, not medical advice.
Common side effects: Generally well tolerated; mild injection-site (both)
Community take: [ANECDOTAL] Classic Russian longevity protocol combination. Often used as part of comprehensive Khavinson anti-aging course with Thymalin.
- Onset
- Subjective anti-aging effects during/after course
- Half-life
- Hours each
- Storage
- Dry: Fridge or freeze (both) · Reconstituted: Refrigerate both; 28 days reconstituted
- Reconstitution
- Reconstitute each per individual protocols
- Rare side effects
- Very limited Western data on combination safety
- Contraindications
- Active malignancy (Epitalon telomerase); pregnancy
- Drug interactions
- No significant documented interactions
- Recommended bloodwork
- Telomere length (research context); melatonin; cognitive assessments
- Stacks well with
- Thymalin: immune complement to complete Russian anti-aging 3-peptide protocol.
- Secondary uses
- Pineal gland function optimization; cognitive and systemic anti-aging combined
- Research status
- Russian anti-aging clinic protocols; Khavinson system research
- FDA status
- No
- Legal status
- US: Research use only · UK: Legal for research · Canada: Legal research chemical · Australia: Schedule 4 · EU: Unregulated
- Typical price
- $60–$140 combined / 10 mg each
Vilon
aka KE, Lys-Glu, KE dipeptide
How it works: The simplest Khavinson peptide - an oral dipeptide that activates immune- and thymus-cell anti-aging genes.
Immune anti-aging; thymic function support; longevity
Research dose
1-2 mg, Daily
Real-world (reported)
1–2 mg SC or oral daily ×10–30 days; 2–4 cycles/year.
Administration
SC / Oral
Timing
Any time
Cycle length
10–30 days; 2–4× per year
Real-world figures are community-reported, not medical advice.
Common side effects: Generally well tolerated
Community take: [ANECDOTAL] Russian longevity protocol. Oral convenience is advantage. Small Western community.
- Onset
- Immune/biomarker changes over weeks
- Half-life
- Hours
- Storage
- Dry: Fridge 2–8°C; freeze · Reconstituted: Refrigerate; use within 28 days
- Reconstitution
- Add 1 mL BAC water to 2 mg vial
- Rare side effects
- Very limited Western data
- Contraindications
- Autoimmune on immunosuppressants; pregnancy; No formal contraindications have been established because no human clinical tria; Pregnant or breastfeeding women should avoid vilon as no reproductive toxicology; Individuals on immunosuppressive therapy should avoid vilon due to the theoretic
- Drug interactions
- Immunosuppressants
- Recommended bloodwork
- CBC; immune markers (optional)
- Stacks well with
- Thymalin: complement. Epitalon: longevity protocol.
- Secondary uses
- Anti-tumor (Russian data); oxidative stress reduction; lifespan extension (animal)
- Research status
- Russian Khavinson lab; lifespan extension animal studies
- FDA status
- No
- Legal status
- US: Research use only · UK: Legal for research · Canada: Legal research chemical · Australia: Schedule 4 · EU: Unregulated
- Typical price
- $20–$50 / 2 mg vial
- Research evidence
- low
- Indications
- Geroprotective research (lifespan extension in animal models); Immunomodulation and thymic function support (preclinical); Epigenetic aging research (chromatin remodeling); Peptide bioregulator research
- Chemical data
- C11H21N3O5 · 275.3 Da
- Amino acids
- 16 aa
Glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine complexed with copper
aka GHK-Cu, GHK-Cu, Copper Peptide GHK-Cu, Copper Tripeptide-1
How it works: Endogenous regenerative peptide that targets aging-related biological mechanisms in the brain through route-dependent molecular pathways.
Age-related cognitive decline, hippocampal-dependent learning, cognitive aging
Research dose
15-15 mg/kg, Daily (injectable) or topical as directed
Real-world (reported)
1–2 mg SubQ daily 4–8 wks; topical 0.1–0.5% GHK-Cu serum daily
Administration
Intraperitoneal injection; Intranasal
Timing
Any time
Cycle length
4–12 weeks
Real-world figures are community-reported, not medical advice.
Common side effects: None reported in this study
Community take: In aged mice, intranasal GHK-Cu delivery produces sustained improvements in hippocampal-dependent learning and coordinated suppression of age-associated molecular pathways, while intraperitoneal dosing activates acute stress-response mechanisms with transient behavioral effects. Route of administration and exposure duration are critical determinants of cognitive outcome.
- Onset
- 4–12 weeks
- Half-life
- Minutes plasma; tissue sustained
- Storage
- Dry: Fridge 2–8°C; freeze >6 mo; light sensitive · Reconstituted: Refrigerate; use within 14–21 days (copper degrades faster than most)
- Reconstitution
- Add 1 mL BAC water to 1 mg vial = 1 mg/mL; 1 IU = 0.01 mg
- Rare side effects
- Excessive copper: nausea, hepatotoxicity (theoretical supra-physiological dose)
- Contraindications
- Wilson's disease; pregnancy; copper allergy; Known copper allergy or hypersensitivity; Wilson's disease or copper metabolism disorders; Open wounds near eyes (topical use); Pregnancy and breastfeeding (insufficient safety data)Frequency distribution of
- Drug interactions
- Copper chelators (penicillamine); copper supplementation
- Recommended bloodwork
- Serum copper + ceruloplasmin if injectable long-term; CMP
- Stacks well with
- BPC-157 + TB-500 (GLOW Stack); Epitalon (anti-aging); Thymalin (immune + tissue)
- Secondary uses
- Anti-inflammatory, regenerative properties
- Research status
- Preclinical — in vivo mouse studies, preprint
- FDA status
- No
- Legal status
- US: Injectable: research use only; PCAC pending. Topical: legal OTC · UK: Legal topically; injectable research use · Canada: Legal research chemical · Australia: Injectable Schedule 4; topical cosmetic OK · EU: Topical cosmetic legal; injectable varies
- Typical price
- Injectable $20–$40/mg; Topical serum $20–$80/bottle
- Research evidence
- low
- Indications
- Wound healing research; Skin rejuvenation and anti-aging applications; Hair growth stimulation studies; Tissue remodeling investigations
- Chemical data
- CAS 49557-75-7 · C14H24CuN6O4 · (complex)~403.93 Da
- Amino acids
- 11 aa
AICAR
aka Acadesine, Acadesine, AICA-riboside
How it works: Switches on AMPK, the same cellular energy pathway exercise activates, to mimic endurance-training effects like fat burning.
Metabolic conditioning; fat oxidation; endurance enhancement; AMPK activation
Research dose
250-500 mg, Daily
Real-world (reported)
250–500 mg oral or SubQ daily. Pre-workout. Cycle 4–8 wks.
Administration
Oral / SubQ
Timing
Pre-workout or morning
Cycle length
4–8 wks; WADA prohibited in competition
Real-world figures are community-reported, not medical advice.
Common side effects: Nausea; headache; hypoglycemia (mild); malaise at high doses
Community take: [ANECDOTAL] WADA prohibits it — signals effectiveness. Limited gray-market but present.
- Onset
- Metabolic changes 2–4 wks
- Half-life
- ~2–3h
- Storage
- Dry: Room temp (oral); fridge (injectable) · Reconstituted: Injectable: refrigerate; use within 7 days
- Reconstitution
- Oral: no recon. Injectable: dissolve in sterile water.
- Rare side effects
- Mitochondrial enzyme inhibition (supraphysiologic; theoretical); WADA prohibited
- Contraindications
- Competitive athletes (WADA banned); malignancy (AMPK complex in cancer); pregnancy
- Drug interactions
- Metformin (additive AMPK); insulin
- Recommended bloodwork
- Fasting glucose; HbA1c; lipid panel
- Stacks well with
- MOTS-c: additive AMPK. 5-Amino-1MQ: metabolic stack.
- Secondary uses
- Insulin sensitivity; anti-cancer (AMPK); cardiovascular protection
- Research status
- Preclinical robust; Phase 2 cardiac surgery and multiple myeloma; WADA prohibited for sport
- FDA status
- No
- Legal status
- US: Research use only; WADA anti-doping prohibited · UK: Legal for research; WADA prohibited in sport · Canada: Legal research chemical · Australia: Schedule 4 · EU: Unregulated for research
- Typical price
- $30–$80 / 500 mg
Klotho
aka alpha-Klotho, alpha-Klotho, KL1 fragment, KP1
How it works: A longevity hormone that declines with age; restoring it improved cognition in primate studies and is researched for brain and kidney aging.
Cognitive enhancement; anti-aging; renal protection; cognitive protection in aging
Real-world (reported)
NO ESTABLISHED HUMAN PROTOCOL
Administration
IV (clinical research)
Timing
Research only
Cycle length
Research only
Real-world figures are community-reported, not medical advice.
Common side effects: No human therapeutic data; protein injection immune reactions possible
Community take: [ANECDOTAL] Bryan Johnson and similar self-experimenters referenced. Dramatic primate cognition data drives extreme interest. Very limited human experience.
- Onset
- Research only
- Half-life
- Protein biology
- Storage
- Dry: Freeze –20°C; extremely fragile · Reconstituted: On ice; use immediately; never refreeze
- Reconstitution
- Sterile water; fragile protein
- Rare side effects
- Immunogenicity; unknown effects; very fragile compound
- Contraindications
- ALL until Phase 1/2 safety established; malignancy; pregnancy; No formal contraindications established as klotho peptides have not entered huma; Theoretical concern with TGF-beta inhibitors in patients with active wounds or i; Theoretical concern with Wnt inhibitors in patients with osteoporosis or bone di; TGF-beta pathway therapeutics
- Drug interactions
- None established — research only
- Recommended bloodwork
- Klotho serum (ELISA); FGF23; phosphate; cognitive assessments
- Stacks well with
- SS-31 + MOTS-c: mitochondrial longevity protocol.
- Secondary uses
- Cardiovascular protection; phosphate metabolism; longevity
- Research status
- Animal studies exceptional (lifespan extension in overexpression mice); primate cognition study; Phase 1 UCSF beginning
- FDA status
- No
- Legal status
- US: Research only; Phase 1 beginning at UCSF · UK: Legal for research · Canada: Legal research chemical · Australia: Schedule 4 · EU: Unregulated
- Typical price
- $500–$5000+ / mg (research grade)
- Research evidence
- low
- Indications
- Anti-fibrotic therapy for chronic kidney disease (preclinical); Diabetic kidney disease treatment (preclinical); Cognitive enhancement and neuroprotection (preclinical, full protein); Anti-aging research; Vascular calcification prevention in CKD (preclinical)
- Chemical data
- C149H203N39O43 · 3228.42 Da
- Amino acids
- 74 aa
Irisin
aka FNDC5 ectodomain, exercise myokine
How it works: The exercise hormone your muscles release during workouts, which turns calorie-storing white fat into calorie-burning fat and supports brain health.
White fat browning; thermogenesis; metabolic rate; cognitive enhancement; anti-aging
Research dose
500-1000 mcg, 3×/week
Real-world (reported)
500 mcg SubQ 3×/week — very experimental.
Administration
SubQ
Timing
Any time or pre-workout
Cycle length
8–12 weeks
Real-world figures are community-reported, not medical advice.
Common side effects: Very limited: injection-site; mild metabolic changes
Community take: [ANECDOTAL] 'Exercise hormone injection.' Phase 1 limited. Mostly preclinical interest. Very small biohacker community.
- Onset
- Metabolic 4–8 wks; cognitive 2–4 wks
- Half-life
- ~2–4h estimated
- Storage
- Dry: Freeze –20°C; light sensitive · Reconstituted: Refrigerate; use within 14 days
- Reconstitution
- Add 1 mL BAC water to 1 mg vial
- Rare side effects
- No human trial safety data; cancer context complex (FNDC5 in some tumors)
- Contraindications
- Active malignancy (complex); pregnancy
- Drug interactions
- Insulin/metabolic drugs
- Recommended bloodwork
- Fasting glucose; body composition; BDNF; lipid panel
- Stacks well with
- MOTS-c: exercise mimetic synergy. AICAR: AMPK complement.
- Secondary uses
- Bone formation; insulin sensitivity; neuroprotection; exercise mimicry
- Research status
- Preclinical extensive (Boström 2012 Nature landmark); human correlation studies; limited Phase 1 PK
- FDA status
- No
- Legal status
- US: Research use only · UK: Legal for research · Canada: Legal research chemical · Australia: Schedule 4 · EU: Unregulated
- Typical price
- $100–$400 / 1 mg vial
Cardiogen
aka AEDR, Ala-Glu-Asp-Arg
How it works: A short peptide that activates heart-cell repair genes, studied for cardiac anti-aging and rhythm support.
Cardiomyocyte anti-aging; cardiac performance; heart rhythm support
Research dose
5-10 mg, Daily ×10 day course
Real-world (reported)
5–10 mg SC ×10 days; 2 cycles/year.
Administration
SC
Timing
Any time
Cycle length
10 days; 2× per year
Real-world figures are community-reported, not medical advice.
Common side effects: Generally well tolerated
Community take: [ANECDOTAL] Russian cardiac aging protocol. Post-MI recovery use reported. Small Western community.
- Onset
- Cardiac function improvements over weeks
- Half-life
- Hours
- Storage
- Dry: Fridge 2–8°C; freeze · Reconstituted: Refrigerate; use within 28 days
- Reconstitution
- Add 1 mL BAC water to 10 mg vial
- Rare side effects
- Very limited Western data; post-MI consult cardiologist
- Contraindications
- Acute MI phase; pregnancy
- Drug interactions
- Cardiac medications
- Recommended bloodwork
- Cardiac biomarkers; ECG; functional capacity
- Stacks well with
- Cortagen: vascular complement. Vesugen: vascular health.
- Secondary uses
- Post-MI recovery (Russian animal data); cardiac longevity
- Research status
- Russian Khavinson lab; cardiac post-MI animal models
- FDA status
- No
- Legal status
- US: Research use only · UK: Legal for research · Canada: Legal research chemical · Australia: Schedule 4 · EU: Unregulated
- Typical price
- $30–$70 / 10 mg vial
NAD+
aka Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide, NAD, Beta-Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide
How it works: NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is a critical coenzyme found in every living cell, essential for mitochondrial energy production, DNA repair, and cellular signaling. NAD+ levels decline significantly with age, and this decline is implicated in metabolic dysfunction, neurodegeneration, and accelerated aging. Research into NAD+ replenishment through direct supplementation and precursors (NM
Anti-aging and longevity research; Neurodegenerative disease research (Alzheimer's, Parkinson's); Metabolic health and mitochondrial dysfunction studies; Cellular repair and DNA damage response research; Addiction and substance use disorder clinical trials
Administration
IV
Timing
IV sessions require 2-8 hours in clinical setting; oral NR/NMN typically taken in the morning
Cycle length
4-8 week loading phase IV; ongoing for oral precursors
- Half-life
- : ~
- Storage
- Dry: Lyophilized powder at -20C; reconstituted solution use within 24 hours
- Reconstitution
- Normal saline (0.9% NaCl) 250-500 mL for IV
- Contraindications
- Active malignancy under treatment (theoretical concern that NAD+ may support can; Known hypersensitivity to NAD+ or any formulation excipients; Severe hepatic impairment (altered NAD+ metabolism and precursor handling)Freque; Chemotherapy agents: NAD+ may theoretically enhance cancer cell DNA repair via P
- Research status
- Preclinical
- FDA status
- Not approved
- Legal status
- US: Investigational
- Research evidence
- moderate
- Indications
- Anti-aging and longevity research; Neurodegenerative disease research (Alzheimer's, Parkinson's); Metabolic health and mitochondrial dysfunction studies; Cellular repair and DNA damage response research; Addiction and substance use disorder clinical trials
- Chemical data
- CAS 53-84-9 · C21H27N7O14P2 · 663.43 Da
- Amino acids
- 138 aa
HGH 191AA
aka Somatotropin, Recombinant Human Growth Hormone, rhGH
How it works: HGH 191AA is recombinant human growth hormone, a 191-amino acid single-chain polypeptide identical to endogenous pituitary-derived somatotropin. It is FDA-approved for growth hormone deficiency, Turner syndrome, chronic renal insufficiency, and other conditions affecting growth and metabolism.New to growth hormone peptides?Browse all growth hormone peptides →Table of Contents📌TL;DR•FDA-approved f
Growth hormone deficiency treatment (pediatric and adult); Turner syndrome growth support; Chronic renal insufficiency-related growth failure; AIDS-related wasting syndrome
Administration
SC
Timing
Anti-aging: before bed (mimics natural GH pulse); Performance: morning fasted and/or post-workout; avoid close to meals high in carbs/fat✓ Rotate inje
Cycle length
3-6 months minimum; some protocols run 6-12 months or longerStep-wise Titration
- Half-life
- SC:
- Reconstitution
- Bacteriostatic water
- Contraindications
- Acute critical illness (cardiac/abdominal surgery, multiple trauma, acute respir; Active malignancy or evidence of neoplastic activity; Active proliferative or severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy; Prader-Willi syndrome with severe obesity or respiratory impairment
- Research status
- Approved
- FDA status
- FDA approved
- Legal status
- US: Approved
- Research evidence
- low
- Indications
- Growth hormone deficiency treatment (pediatric and adult); Turner syndrome growth support; Chronic renal insufficiency-related growth failure; AIDS-related wasting syndrome
- Chemical data
- CAS 12629-01-5 · C990H1529N263O299S7 · 22124 Da
- Amino acids
- 191 aa
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists
aka GLP-1 RA, GLP-1 receptor agonist, Glucagon-Like Peptide-1
How it works: GLP-1 (Glucagon-Like Peptide-1) is a 30-amino-acid incretin hormone produced by intestinal L-cells that stimulates glucose-dependent insulin secretion, suppresses glucagon, slows gastric emptying, and promotes satiety. GLP-1 receptor agonists such as semaglutide and tirzepatide have transformed the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity.New to metabolic peptides?Browse all metabolic peptides →Ta
Chronic kidney disease management, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiorenal protection
Administration
SC
Timing
Any time of day, with or without meals; same day each week for weekly agents✓ Rotate injection sites
Cycle length
Chronic therapy (ongoing); weight regain common upon discontinuationStep-wise Titration (16 weeks)
Common side effects: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dyspepsia
- Half-life
- 1-
- Storage
- Dry: Pre-filled pens: Store refrigerated at 2-8 degrees C before first use. After first use, may be stored at room temperature (up to 30 degrees C) for the
- Contraindications
- Personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma; Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2 (MEN 2); History of pancreatitis (relative contraindication); Severe gastrointestinal disease (gastroparesis)
- Secondary uses
- Albuminuria reduction, cardiovascular event prevention
- Research status
- Phase III Clinical Trials / FDA Approved
- FDA status
- FDA approved
- Legal status
- US: Approved
- Research evidence
- high
- Chemical data
- CAS 87805-34-3 · C149H225N39O45 · 3297.7 (active form, GLP-1(7-36)amide) Da
- Amino acids
- 234 aa
Trifluoroacetyl Tripeptide-2
aka Progeline, Progeline, TFA-Val-Tyr-Val-OH, N-(2,2,2-Trifluoroacetyl)-L-valyl-L-tyrosyl-L-valine
How it works: Inhibits the production of progerin, a protein that accelerates cell aging.
Wrinkle reduction; skin sagging/firmness; facial contour enhancement; cellular senescence reduction
Research dose
0.5-2 %, Mix at 0.5-2% concentration into your favorite cream, serum, or gel base.
Real-world (reported)
0.5-2% concentration typical in DIY and commercial formulations.
Timing
Recommended to use Progeline-containing products as part of both your morning and evening skincare routines, following cleansing and toning.
Real-world figures are community-reported, not medical advice.
Common side effects: Mild redness or irritation, particularly in sensitive skin types; adverse effects may occur when combined with acids, retinoids, or overlayered actives.
Community take: Progeline's unique ability to reduce progerin accumulation gives it a competitive edge over traditional anti-aging peptides; rapid adoption in high-performance cosmeceuticals and luxury skincare lines.
- Storage
- Dry: For long-term storage keep in refrigerator temperature 4 °C -8 °C. · Reconstituted: At least 12 months from the date of manufacture.
- Rare side effects
- Rare cases of allergic-type responses, typically due to other formulation components.
- Contraindications
- Risk of peptide intolerance when barrier function is compromised; patch testing is advised before starting any high-concentration peptide protocol.
- Secondary uses
- Elasticity improvement; skin texture refinement; jawline definition
- Research status
- Two in vivo studies conducted confirming efficacy; showed positive and significant effects on signs of aging including reducing the appearance of skin sagging and slacking, and improving firmness, elasticity and visco-elasticity after 28 days treatment.
- FDA status
- Not FDA-approved as a drug; regulated as cosmetic ingredient (INCI-named)
Klotho KL1 Domain
aka Longevity Factor Klotho - KL1 Structural Repeat, KL1, KL1 domain, KL1 internal repeat
How it works: KL1 induces metabolic remodeling of the hippocampus and enhances cognition while countering cognitive aging.
kidney fibrosis prevention, cognitive enhancement, anti-aging, neuroprotection, cellular senescence inhibition
Research dose
10-10 μg/kg, Single dose (preclinical studies)
Administration
Subcutaneous injection; intravenous injection (preclinical mouse models)
Common side effects: Not reported in preclinical studies; full-length Klotho elevation causes calcium/phosphorus metabolism disturbance
- Onset
- Acute metabolic effects within 4 hours; cognitive effects assessed 24-40 hours post-dose
- Half-life
- Not explicitly stated in available literature
- Storage
- Dry: Standard protein storage conditions recommended; Klotho protein is unstable and affected by freeze-thaw
- Contraindications
- High serum Klotho causes disturbance of calcium and phosphorus metabolism such as hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia, but KL1 domain treatment suppresses pancreatic cancer without disturbing phosphate levels
- Secondary uses
- COVID-19-associated acute kidney injury amelioration, pancreatic cancer suppression, oxidative stress resistance
- Research status
- Preclinical; Phase 1b clinical trials underway for full-length Klotho (related approach)
- FDA status
- Not approved; preclinical research stage
Klotho-derived Peptide 1
aka KP1, KP1, Klotho-derived peptide, KL1 domain peptide
How it works: KP1 mimics the anti-fibrotic action of Klotho by constraining TGF-β signaling.
Kidney fibrosis, hepatic fibrosis, cellular senescence inhibition
Administration
Intravenous injection; exhibits highly selective accumulation in injured liver after intravenous injection
- Half-life
- Not explicitly stated in reviewed literature
- Secondary uses
- Cognitive enhancement, anti-inflammatory effects, longevity support
- Research status
- Preclinical; mouse models of renal and hepatic fibrosis
Abaloparatide
aka Tymlos, BA-058
How it works: Abaloparatide is a 34-amino-acid synthetic analog of human parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) developed by Radius Health and marketed as Tymlos. FDA-approved in April 2017 for postmenopausal osteoporosis at high fracture risk, and expanded in 2022 to include men with osteoporosis, abaloparatide acts as a selective PTH1 receptor agonist favoring the RG conformation to promote bone formatio
Postmenopausal osteoporosis at high fracture risk; Male osteoporosis at high fracture risk; Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (off-label)
Administration
SC
Timing
Same time each day; no food restrictions✓ Rotate injection sites
Cycle length
Up to 2 years
- Half-life
- Approximately 1 hour
- Storage
- Dry: Refrigerate at 2-8 degrees C before first use. After first use, store at room temperature (20-25 degrees C) for up to 30 days. Do not freeze.
- Contraindications
- Patients at increased risk for osteosarcoma (Paget disease of bone, unexplained; Pre-existing hypercalcemia; Pregnancy (embryo-fetal toxicity observed in animal studies); Known hypersensitivity to abaloparatide or excipientsFrequency distribution of r
- Research status
- Approved
- FDA status
- FDA approved
- Legal status
- US: Approved
- Research evidence
- high
- Indications
- Postmenopausal osteoporosis at high fracture risk; Male osteoporosis at high fracture risk; Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (off-label)
- Chemical data
- CAS 247062-33-5 · C174H300N56O49 · 3960.59 Da
- Amino acids
- 255 aa
Carnosine
aka L-carnosine, beta-alanyl-L-histidine
How it works: Carnosine is an endogenous dipeptide composed of beta-alanine and L-histidine, found at high concentrations in skeletal muscle and brain tissue. It functions as an intracellular pH buffer, antioxidant, and anti-glycation agent. Clinical trials at the phase 2 level have investigated oral carnosine supplementation (1-2 g/day) for glycemic control in type 2 diabetes, cognitive function in elderly pop
Anti-aging and longevity support; Glycemic control in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes; Cognitive function support in elderly populations; Exercise performance via intracellular pH buffering; Neuroprotection and brain health
Administration
Oral
Timing
Take as oral capsules (typically two 500 mg capsules daily). No specific timing requirements; most studies used dosing with meals.
Cycle length
12-14 weeks
- Half-life
- Oral carnosine is rapidly hydrolyzed by serum carnosinase (CN1) with a plasma ha
- Contraindications
- No absolute contraindications established for carnosine at standard supplementat; Caution in individuals with very low blood pressure due to potential blood-press; Pregnancy and lactation: insufficient safety data; not recommended during pregna; Histidine metabolism disorders: theoretical concern in rare inherited conditions
- Research status
- Phase 2
- FDA status
- Not approved
- Legal status
- US: Investigational
- Research evidence
- moderate
- Indications
- Anti-aging and longevity support; Glycemic control in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes; Cognitive function support in elderly populations; Exercise performance via intracellular pH buffering; Neuroprotection and brain health
- Chemical data
- CAS 305-84-0 · C9H14N4O3 · 226.23 Da
- Amino acids
- 12 aa
Davunetide
aka NAP, AL-108, CP201
How it works: Davunetide (NAP, AL-108) is an eight-amino-acid neuroprotective peptide (NAPVSIPQ) derived from activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP). It stabilizes microtubules and has been studied for neurodegenerative diseases including progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and Alzheimer's disease. A phase 2/3 trial in PSP (Boxer et al., 2014) failed to show efficacy, and the developer Allon Therape
Neuroprotection research in tauopathies; ADNP syndrome therapeutic development; Microtubule stabilization studies
Administration
Intranasal
Timing
Administered as a nasal spray solution. Intranasal delivery provides direct CNS access via olfactory and trigeminal nerve pathways.
Cycle length
52 weeks
- Half-life
- Short plasma half-life; intranasal delivery provides direct CNS access
- Contraindications
- Not approved for any therapeutic use; Known hypersensitivity to davunetide or formulation excipientsFrequency distribu; No significant drug interactions identified in clinical trials; Theoretical interaction with other microtubule-targeting agents (taxanes, vinca
- Research status
- Phase 2
- FDA status
- Not approved
- Legal status
- US: Withdrawn From Market
- Research evidence
- moderate
- Indications
- Neuroprotection research in tauopathies; ADNP syndrome therapeutic development; Microtubule stabilization studies
- Chemical data
- CAS 211439-12-2 · C36H60N10O12 · 824.93 Da
- Amino acids
- 42 aa
Enlicitide Decanoate
aka MK-0616
How it works: Enlicitide decanoate (MK-0616) is a first-in-class oral macrocyclic peptide that inhibits proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9). In the Phase 3 CORALreef Lipids trial, 20 mg once daily achieved a 55.8% placebo- adjusted reduction in LDL cholesterol at 24 weeks. Developed by Merck, it is expected to be submitted for FDA approval in early 2026.New to vascular peptides?Browse all vasc
Hypercholesterolemia with ASCVD or high ASCVD risk; Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH); LDL-C lowering in statin-intolerant patients
Administration
Oral
Timing
Once-daily oral tablet; taken on an empty stomach (30 minutes before first meal of the day based on Phase 2b protocol)
Cycle length
OngoingStep-wise Titration
- Half-life
- Supports once-daily oral dosing based on pharmacokinetic properties
- Storage
- Dry: Room temperature; protect from moisture
- Contraindications
- Known hypersensitivity to enlicitide or any excipientFrequency distribution of r; No clinically significant drug interactions have been identified. Enlicitide has; As a macrocyclic peptide, enlicitide is not expected to interact with cytochrome
- Research status
- Phase 3
- FDA status
- Not approved
- Legal status
- US: Investigational
- Research evidence
- high
- Indications
- Hypercholesterolemia with ASCVD or high ASCVD risk; Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH); LDL-C lowering in statin-intolerant patients
- Chemical data
- CAS 2407527-16-4 · C81H109FN15O15S2 · 1580.81 Da
- Amino acids
- 166 aa
Glutathione
aka GSH, L-Glutathione, Gamma-L-Glutamyl-L-Cysteinyl-Glycine
How it works: Glutathione is a tripeptide composed of glutamate, cysteine, and glycine. It is the most abundant intracellular antioxidant in mammalian cells and plays critical roles in detoxification, immune modulation, and protection against oxidative stress.New to immune peptides?Browse all immune peptides →Table of Contents📌TL;DR•Functions as the primary intracellular antioxidant•Supports hepatic detoxifica
Antioxidant supplementation research; Hepatoprotection and detoxification studies; Immune function modulation; Skin lightening and dermatological research
Administration
IV
Timing
No specific timing requirement; IV sessions typically in clinical setting✓ Rotate injection sites
Cycle length
4-12 weeks for injectable protocols; ongoing for oral supplementation
- Half-life
- ~10.9 minutes (IV in plasma); ~1.6 minutes (oral plasma signal); intracellular t
- Contraindications
- Sulfite-sensitive asthma (inhaled/nebulized glutathione contraindicated due to b; Active cancer receiving platinum-based chemotherapy (GSH may reduce chemotherapy; Known hypersensitivity to glutathione formulations or excipientsFrequency distri; Platinum chemotherapies (cisplatin, carboplatin): elevated GSH and GST reduce pl
- Research status
- Preclinical
- FDA status
- Not approved
- Legal status
- US: Preclinical Research
- Research evidence
- moderate
- Indications
- Antioxidant supplementation research; Hepatoprotection and detoxification studies; Immune function modulation; Skin lightening and dermatological research
- Chemical data
- CAS 70-18-8 · C10H17N3O6S · 307.32 Da
- Amino acids
- 139 aa
pp405
How it works:
Tat-Beclin-1
aka Tat-BECN1, TB-peptide, Tat-Beclin 1 peptide
How it works: Tat-Beclin-1 (Tat-BECN1) is a cell-permeable autophagy-inducing peptide designed by fusing 11 amino acids from the HIV-1 Tat protein transduction domain with 18 amino acids from beclin 1 (residues 267-284) via a diglycine linker. Developed by Shoji-Kawata, Levine, and colleagues at UT Southwestern, it potently induces autophagy by releasing beclin 1 from its negative regulator GAPR-1/GLIPR2 at the
Autophagy research tool compound; Antiviral research (West Nile, chikungunya, HIV-1); Cancer autophagy research (HER2-positive breast cancer); Neurodegenerative disease research (protein aggregate clearance); Cell death mechanism research (autosis)
Administration
IV
Timing
In vitro concentrations range from 0.5-50 micromolar. In vivo mouse studies used daily IP injection. No human dosing data exists.
Cycle length
Hours to 20 days (varies by model)
- Half-life
- Not formally characterized in vivo. The L-form is expected to be rapidly degrade
- Contraindications
- No formal contraindications established due to absence of human clinical trials.; Active malignancies where autophagy may promote tumor survival (established tumo; Patients on cardiac glycosides (digoxin), as these drugs inhibit autosis via Na+; Pregnant or breastfeeding w
- Research status
- Preclinical
- FDA status
- Not approved
- Legal status
- US: Preclinical Research
- Research evidence
- low
- Indications
- Autophagy research tool compound; Antiviral research (West Nile, chikungunya, HIV-1); Cancer autophagy research (HER2-positive breast cancer); Neurodegenerative disease research (protein aggregate clearance); Cell death mechanism research (autosis)
- Chemical data
- CAS 1423821-88-8 · C164H251N57O45 · 3028.44 Da
- Amino acids
- 42 aa
Teriparatide
aka Forteo, rhPTH(1-34)
How it works: Teriparatide is a recombinant form of the first 34 amino acids of human parathyroid hormone (PTH(1-34)), developed by Eli Lilly and marketed as Forteo. FDA-approved in November 2002, it was the first osteoanabolic agent for osteoporosis. In the landmark Fracture Prevention Trial, teriparatide 20 mcg daily reduced vertebral fractures by 65% and nonvertebral fractures by 53% in postmenopausal women.
Postmenopausal osteoporosis at high fracture risk; Male osteoporosis (primary or hypogonadal); Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis
Administration
SC
Timing
Same time each day; no food restrictions✓ Rotate injection sites
Cycle length
Determined by clinical judgment (no limit)
- Half-life
- Approximately 1 hour
- Storage
- Dry: Refrigerate at 2-8 degrees C at all times. Do not freeze. Pen usable for 28 days after first injection.
- Contraindications
- Patients at increased risk for osteosarcoma (Paget disease, unexplained alkaline; Pre-existing hypercalcemia; Pregnancy (Category C; may cause fetal harm); Known hypersensitivity to teriparatide or excipientsFrequency distribution of re
- Research status
- Approved
- FDA status
- FDA approved
- Legal status
- US: Approved
- Research evidence
- high
- Indications
- Postmenopausal osteoporosis at high fracture risk; Male osteoporosis (primary or hypogonadal); Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis
- Chemical data
- CAS 52232-67-4 · C181H291N55O51S2 · 4117.8 Da
- Amino acids
- 34 aa
Example stacks
Longevity - Beginner
Epithalon is the most researched longevity peptide. A short 10-day cycle once or twice a year is the standard community protocol.
- • Run the full 10-20 day cycle without skipping doses
- • Time the cycle when your baseline health is good
- • Get bloodwork before and 8 weeks after
Longevity - Intermediate
Epithalon handles telomere support while GHK-Cu activates anti-aging genes and supports collagen and cellular repair.
- • Run GHK-Cu as a longer 8-12 week cycle around the short Epithalon cycle
- • Use GHK-Cu topically as well as systemically
- • Track biomarkers throughout
Community outcome data
Collected from users researching this goal. Not a clinical database - for general reference only.
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