Skin & Collagen

Research compounds studied for collagen synthesis, skin elasticity, wound healing, and photoprotection. Many available topically - no injection required for entry-level use.

Most researched for Skin & Collagen

GHK-Cu

The most extensively researched skin peptide with decades of published data. A naturally occurring copper-binding tripeptide that activates collagen and elastin gene expression. Unique because it is effective both topically (as a serum) and systemically (injected). Research shows activation of over 4,000 genes related to tissue remodeling and anti-aging. The most accessible entry point with the strongest evidence base.

Leuphasyl

aka Pentapeptide-18, Pentapeptide-18

Popular

How it works: A topical wrinkle peptide that calms the nerve signals behind expression lines, often paired with Argireline for added effect.

Reduction of expression wrinkles; synergy with Argireline

Research dose

2-5 % (topical), 1–2×/day

Real-world (reported)

3–5% serum; combine with Argireline.

Administration

Topical

Timing

Morning and/or evening

Cycle length

Ongoing

Real-world figures are community-reported, not medical advice.

Common side effects: Rare contact dermatitis

Community take: [ANECDOTAL] Less well known than Argireline but additive. Formulators combine 3–5% each.

Onset
4–8 wks expression wrinkle reduction
Half-life
N/A (topical)
Storage
Dry: Room temp or fridge
Rare side effects
No serious adverse effects
Contraindications
Known sensitivity
Drug interactions
No cosmetic interactions
Recommended bloodwork
None required
Stacks well with
Argireline: additive effect demonstrated. Syn-Ake: NMJ modulator complement.
Secondary uses
Crow's feet; frown lines; forehead
Research status
Lipotec clinical studies; combination Argireline + Leuphasyl efficacy shown
FDA status
No (cosmetic ingredient)
Legal status
US: Legal OTC cosmetic · UK: Legal OTC cosmetic · Canada: Legal OTC cosmetic · Australia: Legal OTC cosmetic · EU: Legal OTC cosmetic
Typical price
$10–$40 / ingredient

Argireline

aka Acetyl Hexapeptide-3, Acetyl Hexapeptide-3, Ac-Glu-Glu-Met-Gln-Arg-Arg-NH2, Acetyl Hexapeptide-8

Popular

How it works: A topical Botox-style peptide that relaxes the small muscle movements behind expression lines to soften fine wrinkles.

Reduction of facial expression wrinkles (crow's feet, forehead); non-injectable alternative to Botox

Research dose

5-10 % (topical), 1–2×/day (topical serum/cream)

Real-world (reported)

5–10% serum applied to expression lines 1–2×/day. Leave 20 min before other skincare.

Administration

Topical (serum, cream, eye cream)

Timing

Morning and/or evening

Cycle length

Ongoing (cosmetic use)

Real-world figures are community-reported, not medical advice.

Common side effects: Rare contact dermatitis; mild irritation

Community take: [ANECDOTAL – skincare community] Very popular in DIY skincare. At 5–10%, meaningful wrinkle reduction reported. 'Budget Botox.' Must stay on skin long enough to penetrate.

Onset
Expression wrinkle reduction 4–8 wks
Half-life
N/A (topical)
Storage
Dry: Room temperature or fridge; follow product label
Reconstitution
N/A (pre-formulated cosmetic)
Rare side effects
No serious adverse effects documented at cosmetic concentrations
Contraindications
Known sensitivity to any ingredient; Known hypersensitivity to acetyl hexapeptide-8 or any formulation components; Should not be used as a substitute for medical treatment of neuromuscular disord; No significant interactions with other topical skincare ingredients. Compatible
Drug interactions
No significant interactions at cosmetic use
Recommended bloodwork
None required for cosmetic topical use
Stacks well with
GHK-Cu: synergistic collagen + wrinkle combo. Snap-8: similar mechanism, additive.
Secondary uses
Skin smoothing; anti-aging
Research status
Multiple cosmetic human studies; approved cosmetic ingredient; well-studied topical profile
FDA status
No (cosmetic ingredient)
Legal status
US: Legal OTC cosmetic ingredient; FDA-regulated as cosmetic not drug · UK: Legal OTC cosmetic · Canada: Legal OTC cosmetic · Australia: Legal OTC cosmetic; TGA cosmetic listed · EU: Legal OTC cosmetic
Typical price
$5–$30 / cosmetic serum
Research evidence
moderate
Indications
Dynamic wrinkle reduction (forehead lines, crow's feet, frown lines); Anti-aging cosmetic formulations; Non-invasive alternative to botulinum toxin injections
Chemical data
CAS 616204-22-9 · C34H60N14O12S · 889 Da
Amino acids
46 aa

Acetyl Tetrapeptide-9

aka Collalift, Collalift

Popular

How it works: A topical peptide that helps skin organize its collagen into a firmer, denser structure, studied for anti-aging.

Skin firmness; collagen fibril organization; dermal density; anti-aging

Research dose

3-6 % (topical), 1–2×/day

Real-world (reported)

3–6% in serum/cream. Combine with Matrixyl.

Administration

Topical

Timing

Morning and/or evening

Cycle length

Ongoing

Real-world figures are community-reported, not medical advice.

Common side effects: Rare contact dermatitis

Community take: [ANECDOTAL] Used by sophisticated formulators targeting skin structural improvement beyond just collagen quantity.

Onset
Firmness 4–8 wks
Storage
Dry: Room temp or fridge
Rare side effects
No serious adverse effects
Contraindications
Known sensitivity
Drug interactions
No cosmetic interactions
Recommended bloodwork
None required
Stacks well with
Matrixyl: collagen synthesis complement (synthesis + organization). Hexapeptide-10: DEJ support.
Secondary uses
ECM remodeling; skin structure improvement
Research status
Lipotec/Lubrizol clinical studies; marketed as Collalift
FDA status
No (cosmetic)
Legal status
US: Legal OTC cosmetic · UK: Legal OTC cosmetic · Canada: Legal OTC cosmetic · Australia: Legal OTC cosmetic · EU: Legal OTC cosmetic
Typical price
$10–$50 / ingredient

GHK-Cu Topical Serum

aka GHK-Cu topical, Copper Peptide serum

Popular

How it works: A topical copper peptide that signals skin to rebuild collagen and elastin, studied for rejuvenation, wound healing, and hair.

Skin rejuvenation; wound healing; collagen; hair growth (scalp)

Research dose

0.05-1 % (topical), 1–2×/day

Real-world (reported)

0.1–0.5% serum daily. Scalp 0.1% for hair. Do NOT use same session as Vitamin C (oxidation).

Administration

Topical

Timing

Morning and/or evening

Cycle length

Ongoing

Real-world figures are community-reported, not medical advice.

Common side effects: Rare contact dermatitis; rare pigmentation at very high %; green tint on skin (normal at application)

Community take: [ANECDOTAL] Very popular. 'Best copper peptide serum.' Hair regrowth scalp reports. Wound healing widely reported.

Onset
Skin 4–12 wks; scar months
Half-life
N/A (topical)
Storage
Dry: Fridge preferred; room temp ≤3 mo; light sensitive
Reconstitution
N/A (pre-formulated)
Rare side effects
No serious effects at cosmetic concentrations
Contraindications
Known copper allergy; Wilson's disease
Drug interactions
No cosmetic interactions
Recommended bloodwork
None required
Stacks well with
GHK-Cu injectable: same compound different route. Argireline: expression wrinkle complement. Matrixyl: collagen synergy.
Secondary uses
Anti-inflammatory; scar reduction; pigmentation improvement
Research status
Multiple cosmetic human studies; well-established cosmetic ingredient
FDA status
No (cosmetic ingredient)
Legal status
US: Legal OTC cosmetic · UK: Legal OTC cosmetic · Canada: Legal OTC cosmetic · Australia: TGA cosmetic listed; injectable regulated separately · EU: Legal OTC cosmetic
Typical price
$10–$60 / serum

Snap-8

aka Acetyl Octapeptide-3, Acetyl Octapeptide-3, Acetyl Glutamyl Heptapeptide-1, SNAP8

PopularApproved

How it works: A topical peptide and longer cousin of Argireline, studied for easing expression lines to smooth wrinkles.

Reduction of expression wrinkles; anti-aging; 'topical Botox' (enhanced vs Argireline)

Research dose

3-8 % (topical), 1–2×/day

Real-world (reported)

3–8% in serum formulation. Used alongside Argireline for additive effect.

Administration

Topical

Timing

Morning and/or evening

Cycle length

Ongoing

Real-world figures are community-reported, not medical advice.

Common side effects: Rare contact dermatitis; mild irritation

Community take: [ANECDOTAL – skincare community] Preferred over Argireline by some formulators for potentially stronger effect at lower concentration. DIY cosmetics use common.

Onset
Expression wrinkle reduction 4–8 wks
Half-life
N/A (topical)
Storage
Dry: Room temp or fridge
Reconstitution
N/A (pre-formulated)
Rare side effects
No serious adverse effects
Contraindications
Known ingredient sensitivity; Known hypersensitivity to SNAP-8 or related peptide ingredients; Active skin infections or open wounds at application site; Severe inflammatory skin conditions at application siteFrequency distribution of; No significant drug interactions reported for topical SNAP-8
Drug interactions
No cosmetic interactions
Recommended bloodwork
None required
Stacks well with
GHK-Cu: collagen synergy. Argireline: similar mechanism (often combined).
Secondary uses
Forehead lines; eye wrinkles; facial rejuvenation
Research status
Cosmetic human studies; approved cosmetic ingredient; claims better efficacy than Argireline at lower concentration
FDA status
No (cosmetic ingredient)
Legal status
US: Legal OTC cosmetic · UK: Legal OTC cosmetic · Canada: Legal OTC cosmetic · Australia: Legal OTC cosmetic; TGA cosmetic · EU: Legal OTC cosmetic
Typical price
$10–$40 / raw ingredient; $20–$60 / commercial serum
Research evidence
low
Indications
Anti-wrinkle and anti-aging cosmeceutical research; Topical neuromuscular junction modulation studies; SNARE complex inhibition research; Cosmetic peptide formulation development
Chemical data
CAS 868844-74-0 · C41H70N16O16S · 1075.16 Da
Amino acids
215 aa

Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-4

aka Matrixyl, Matrixyl, Pal-KTTKS, Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-3

PopularApproved

How it works: A topical peptide that signals the skin to rebuild collagen, studied for firmer skin and fewer fine lines.

Collagen type I, III, IV synthesis stimulation; skin firmness; wrinkle reduction

Research dose

2-8 % (topical), 1–2×/day

Real-world (reported)

2–8% in serum or cream applied daily. Often combined with GHK-Cu and/or Argireline.

Administration

Topical

Timing

Morning and/or evening

Cycle length

Ongoing

Real-world figures are community-reported, not medical advice.

Common side effects: Rare contact dermatitis; mild irritation

Community take: [ANECDOTAL – skincare community] One of most researched cosmetic peptides. Widely used in anti-aging serums. Clinical studies demonstrate measurable collagen increase.

Onset
Collagen changes 4–12 wks; skin firmness 8 wks
Storage
Dry: Room temp or fridge; follow label
Rare side effects
No serious adverse effects documented
Contraindications
Known ingredient sensitivity; Known hypersensitivity to palmitoyl pentapeptide-4 or related cosmetic peptide i; Use on broken; wounded; or severely compromised skin should be avoided unless sp; No significant interactions with other topical skincare ingredients have been id
Drug interactions
No cosmetic interactions
Recommended bloodwork
None required
Stacks well with
GHK-Cu: additive collagen stimulation. Palmitoyl Tripeptide-1: complementary collagen pathway.
Secondary uses
ECM remodeling; skin hydration; anti-aging
Research status
Multiple cosmetic human clinical studies; well-established efficacy data
FDA status
No (cosmetic ingredient)
Legal status
US: Legal OTC cosmetic · UK: Legal OTC cosmetic · Canada: Legal OTC cosmetic · Australia: Legal OTC cosmetic · EU: Legal OTC cosmetic
Typical price
$5–$40 / product
Research evidence
moderate
Indications
Anti-aging skincare (wrinkle and fine line reduction); Collagen stimulation in photoaged skin; Cosmetic formulation active ingredient
Chemical data
CAS 214047-00-4 · C39H75N7O10 · 802.05 Da
Amino acids
41 aa

Syn-Ake

aka Dipeptide Diaminobutyroyl Benzylamide Diacetate, Tripeptide-3

Popular

How it works: A topical snake-venom-inspired peptide that relaxes tiny muscle contractions to reduce wrinkle formation, working alongside Argireline.

Reduction of expression wrinkles; eye area; forehead; frown lines

Research dose

2-4 % (topical), 1–2×/day

Real-world (reported)

2–4% serum on expression lines 1–2×/day.

Administration

Topical

Timing

Morning and/or evening

Cycle length

Ongoing

Real-world figures are community-reported, not medical advice.

Common side effects: Rare contact dermatitis; very rare hypersensitivity

Community take: [ANECDOTAL] 2–4% noticeable wrinkle reduction. Different mechanism from Argireline so additive when combined.

Onset
Expression wrinkle reduction 4–8 wks
Half-life
N/A (topical)
Storage
Dry: Room temp or fridge
Reconstitution
N/A (pre-formulated)
Rare side effects
No serious adverse effects at cosmetic concentrations
Contraindications
Known sensitivity
Drug interactions
No cosmetic interactions
Recommended bloodwork
None required
Stacks well with
Argireline: complementary SNARE mechanism (additive). Snap-8: additional SNARE complement.
Secondary uses
Skin smoothing; anti-aging
Research status
Cosmetic clinical studies; marketed by DSM Nutritional Products
FDA status
No (cosmetic ingredient)
Legal status
US: Legal OTC cosmetic · UK: Legal OTC cosmetic · Canada: Legal OTC cosmetic · Australia: Legal OTC cosmetic · EU: Legal OTC cosmetic
Typical price
$10–$60 / cosmetic product

Palmitoyl Tripeptide-1

aka Biopeptide EL, Pal-GHK, Biopeptide EL

Popular

How it works: A topical, copper-free peptide that signals skin to produce more collagen, studied for firmer, smoother skin.

Collagen I synthesis; skin firmness; anti-aging; wrinkle reduction

Research dose

2-8 % (topical), 1–2×/day

Real-world (reported)

3–8% in serum/cream daily.

Administration

Topical

Timing

Morning and/or evening

Cycle length

Ongoing

Real-world figures are community-reported, not medical advice.

Common side effects: Rare contact dermatitis; mild irritation

Community take: [ANECDOTAL] Classic collagen peptide. Frequently combined with Matrixyl 3000 in commercial formulations.

Onset
Collagen changes 4–12 wks; firmness 8 wks
Storage
Dry: Room temp or fridge
Rare side effects
No serious adverse effects
Contraindications
Known sensitivity
Drug interactions
No cosmetic interactions
Recommended bloodwork
None required
Stacks well with
Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-4 (Matrixyl): additive collagen stimulation. GHK-Cu injectable: injectable complement.
Secondary uses
Fibronectin; skin texture
Research status
Multiple cosmetic human studies; decades-established ingredient
FDA status
No (cosmetic ingredient)
Legal status
US: Legal OTC cosmetic · UK: Legal OTC cosmetic · Canada: Legal OTC cosmetic · Australia: Legal OTC cosmetic · EU: Legal OTC cosmetic
Typical price
$5–$40 / product

Hexapeptide-10

aka Serilesine, Serilesine

Popular

How it works: A topical peptide that boosts skin-anchoring proteins (laminin) to improve firmness and density.

Skin firmness; anti-aging; dermal-epidermal junction support

Research dose

2-5 % (topical), 1–2×/day

Real-world (reported)

3–5% serum. Combine with Matrixyl.

Administration

Topical

Timing

Morning and/or evening

Cycle length

Ongoing

Real-world figures are community-reported, not medical advice.

Common side effects: Rare contact dermatitis

Community take: [ANECDOTAL] Less mainstream than Matrixyl but valued for DEJ support in premium formulations.

Onset
Firmness 4–12 wks
Storage
Dry: Room temp or fridge
Rare side effects
No serious adverse effects
Contraindications
Known sensitivity
Drug interactions
No cosmetic interactions
Recommended bloodwork
None required
Stacks well with
Matrixyl: collagen complement. GHK-Cu: comprehensive anti-aging skin stack.
Secondary uses
Hair follicle anchoring (niche)
Research status
Lipotec/Lubrizol clinical studies
FDA status
No (cosmetic ingredient)
Legal status
US: Legal OTC cosmetic · UK: Legal OTC cosmetic · Canada: Legal OTC cosmetic · Australia: Legal OTC cosmetic · EU: Legal OTC cosmetic
Typical price
$10–$50 / ingredient

Collagen Peptides

aka Hydrolyzed, Hydrolyzed Collagen, CH-Alpha, Peptan

Moderate

How it works: Pre-broken-down collagen that is absorbed and signals your skin and joints to make more of their own collagen, studied for elasticity and joint support.

Skin elasticity; wrinkle reduction; joint health; tendon/ligament support

Research dose

5-15 g, Once daily

Real-world (reported)

10g/day oral. Take with 200mg Vitamin C.

Administration

Oral

Timing

Any time

Cycle length

12 wks (skin); 24 wks (joints)

Real-world figures are community-reported, not medical advice.

Common side effects: Rare GI discomfort at high doses

Community take: [ANECDOTAL] Well-established supplement with good RCT base. 10g/day minimum; bovine or marine; 12+ weeks. Vitamin C co-administration important.

Onset
Skin 4–8 wks; joint 12–24 wks; bone months
Half-life
Hours
Storage
Dry: Room temperature; dry
Reconstitution
N/A (food/supplement)
Rare side effects
No serious effects; long safety record as food supplement
Contraindications
Animal-derived hypersensitivity (bovine/marine/porcine)
Drug interactions
No significant interactions
Recommended bloodwork
Optional PINP/P1NP (bone collagen marker)
Stacks well with
GHK-Cu topical: systemic (oral) + local (topical) collagen synergy. Vitamin C: essential co-factor.
Secondary uses
Bone density; muscle mass (adjunct); hair and nails; wound healing
Research status
Multiple human RCTs for skin, joints, bone; well-established at 10g/day
FDA status
No
Legal status
US: Dietary supplement (FDA 21 CFR) · UK: Dietary supplement / food ingredient · Canada: NHP (Natural Health Product) · Australia: TGA-listed therapeutic / food · EU: Food supplement; member state level
Typical price
$20–$60 / month supply

Melanotan II

aka MT-2, MT-II, MT2

ModeratePreclinical

How it works: Activates melanocortin receptors to stimulate melanin production, providing UV-induced pigmentation and some photoprotection.

Skin tanning/pigmentation; libido enhancement; erectile function

Research dose

250-1000 mcg, Daily (loading) then maintenance 2–3×/week

Real-world (reported)

Start low 250 mcg; build to 500–1000 mcg. Evening dose to sleep through nausea. UV exposure needed for tanning effect.

Administration

SubQ

Timing

Evening (nausea management)

Cycle length

Loading 1–2 wks; maintenance ongoing (with UV exposure for tanning)

Real-world figures are community-reported, not medical advice.

Common side effects: Nausea (common, especially first dose); flushing; facial flushing; spontaneous erections (males); darkening of existing moles

Community take: [ANECDOTAL] Very popular for tanning. 'Barbie drug' in media. Community concern about mole changes — dermatology visits recommended. Libido effect strong.

Onset
Tanning 2–4 wks with UV; libido hours
Half-life
~33h (Cmax ~1h)
Storage
Dry: Fridge 2–8°C; freeze long-term; protect from light · Reconstituted: Refrigerate; use within 28 days
Reconstitution
Add 2 mL BAC water to 10 mg vial = 5 mg/mL; 500 mcg dose = 10 IU
Rare side effects
Darkening/enlargement of moles (melanoma risk concern); melanoma case reports; prolonged erection; hypertension; hyperpigmentation of normal skin
Contraindications
Personal or family history of melanoma; active malignancy; pregnancy; cardiovascular disease; PT-141 preferred for pure sexual health (fewer pigmentation concerns); Uncontrolled hypertension or significant cardiovascular disease; History or risk of priapism; Pregnancy and lactation; Severe renal impairment
Drug interactions
Antihypertensives (additive BP effects); sexual function medications
Recommended bloodwork
Dermatology check (mole mapping) before and every 6 months; BP monitoring
Stacks well with
PT-141 (more selective; no tanning — choose one or the other based on goal).
Secondary uses
Appetite suppression; fat loss (secondary)
Research status
Mostly preclinical and Phase 1/2 human data; not FDA-approved; under FDA PCAC review
FDA status
No
Legal status
US: Research use only; PCAC review pending; Import Alert 66-78 · UK: Legal for research; not scheduled · Canada: Legal research chemical · Australia: Schedule 4; importation risk · EU: Unregulated most EU
Typical price
$25–$60 / 10 mg vial
Research evidence
low
Indications
Melanogenesis and tanning research; Melanocortin receptor pharmacology studies; Sexual function research (led to development of PT-141); Appetite regulation and energy homeostasis studies
Chemical data
CAS 121062-08-6 · C50H69N15O9 · 1024.18 Da
Amino acids
243 aa

Epitalon Oral

aka Oral Epitalon, Oral Epithalon capsules

Moderate

How it works: An oral form of Epitalon, the telomere and sleep peptide, studied for circadian rhythm and anti-aging without injections.

Telomere support; circadian regulation; anti-aging — oral route convenience

Research dose

20-30 mg, Daily (oral)

Real-world (reported)

20–30 mg oral daily ×10–20 consecutive days. 2 cycles/year.

Administration

Oral

Timing

Morning

Cycle length

10–20 day course; 2× per year

Real-world figures are community-reported, not medical advice.

Common side effects: Generally well tolerated; rare mild GI

Community take: [ANECDOTAL] Many longevity users prefer oral for convenience vs injectable. Debate: injectable may have superior bioavailability. Community divided.

Onset
Sleep effects 1–2 wks; biomarker changes months
Half-life
Variable
Storage
Dry: Room temperature; dry
Reconstitution
N/A (pre-formulated)
Rare side effects
Same theoretical concerns as injectable; less studied than injectable
Contraindications
Active malignancy (theoretical); pregnancy
Drug interactions
No significant interactions
Recommended bloodwork
Melatonin; telomere length (research context)
Stacks well with
Thymalin: immune complement. GHK-Cu: tissue repair longevity stack.
Secondary uses
Oral convenience vs injectable; lower bioavailability debated
Research status
Same as injectable Epitalon; oral bioavailability based on peptide simplicity principle
FDA status
No
Legal status
US: Research use only; PCAC July 2026 · UK: Legal for research · Canada: Legal research chemical · Australia: Schedule 4 · EU: Unregulated
Typical price
$30–$60 / pack

Afamelanotide

aka Scenesse, Melanotan I, Melanotan-1

ModerateApproved

How it works: Afamelanotide (Scenesse) is a synthetic tridecapeptide analog of alpha-MSH that activates the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) to stimulate eumelanin production. FDA-approved in 2019 for increasing pain-free light exposure in adults with erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP), it is administered as a subcutaneous implant every 2 months.New to skin peptides?Browse all skin peptides →Table of Contents📌T

Erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) photoprotection (FDA/EMA approved); Vitiligo repigmentation (Phase 3 investigational)

Administration

SC

Timing

Administered by certified healthcare provider as a bioresorbable implant above the anterior supra-iliac crest. Typically 5-6 implants per year.

Cycle length

Seasonal (spring through fall)

Half-life
Approximately 15 hours (from subcutaneous implant with sustained release over 60
Reconstitution
Sterile water
Contraindications
Known hypersensitivity to afamelanotide or any component of the implant; Patients should not have unexamined suspicious melanocytic lesions prior to impl; No clinically significant drug interactions have been identified. Afamelanotide; Afamelanotide does not replace the need for sun protection measures. Patients sh
Research status
Approved
FDA status
FDA approved
Legal status
US: Approved
Research evidence
high
Indications
Erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) photoprotection (FDA/EMA approved); Vitiligo repigmentation (Phase 3 investigational)
Chemical data
CAS 75921-69-6 · C78H111N21O19 · 1647 Da
Amino acids
260 aa

Botulinum Toxin

aka Botox, OnabotulinumtoxinA, AbobotulinumtoxinA

ModerateApproved

How it works: Botulinum toxin type A is a neurotoxin produced by Clostridium botulinum that blocks acetylcholine release at neuromuscular junctions. It is FDA-approved for multiple therapeutic and cosmetic indications including chronic migraine, cervical dystonia, spasticity, blepharospasm, overactive bladder, hyperhidrosis, and glabellar lines.New to cosmetic peptides?Browse all cosmetic peptides →Table of Con

Chronic migraine prophylaxis; Cervical dystonia; Upper and lower limb spasticity; Blepharospasm; Cosmetic treatment of facial wrinkles; Axillary hyperhidrosis; Overactive bladder

Administration

IM

Timing

No specific time of day; administered in clinic by trained healthcare professional

Cycle length

Ongoing; repeated every 12 weeks as needed

Half-life
Intracellular half-life of the catalytic light chain is estimated at several wee
Storage
Dry: Store unopened vials refrigerated at 2-8C (or frozen at or below -5C for some formulations). Reconstituted solution: store refrigerated and use within
Reconstitution
Sterile 0.9% salineUse within: 24 hours
Contraindications
Known hypersensitivity to botulinum toxin or any formulation component; Infection at the proposed injection site; Pre-existing neuromuscular disorders (myasthenia gravis, Lambert-Eaton syndrome,; Pregnancy and breastfeeding (Category C; insufficient data)Frequency distributio
Research status
Approved
FDA status
FDA approved
Legal status
US: Approved
Research evidence
high
Indications
Chronic migraine prophylaxis; Cervical dystonia; Upper and lower limb spasticity; Blepharospasm; Cosmetic treatment of facial wrinkles; Axillary hyperhidrosis; Overactive bladder
Chemical data
CAS 93384-43-1 · Complex protein · 149000 Da
Amino acids
296 aa

Icotrokinra

aka JNJ-2113, JNJ-77242113, PN-235

ModeratePhase 3

How it works: Icotrokinra (JNJ-2113) is a first-in-class targeted oral peptide that selectively antagonizes the interleukin-23 receptor. In the phase 3 ICONIC-LEAD trial, once-daily oral dosing achieved 65% IGA 0/1 response at week 16 vs 8% placebo (P<0.001). Johnson & Johnson submitted an NDA to the FDA in July 2025.New to skin peptides?Browse all skin peptides →Table of Contents📌TL;DR•First oral peptide ther

Moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis (adults and adolescents 12+); Scalp and genital psoriasis (high-impact sites); Ulcerative colitis (Phase 2b, under investigation)

Administration

Oral

Timing

Once-daily oral tablet; no specific timing relative to meals reported

Cycle length

OngoingStep-wise Titration

Half-life
Supports once-daily oral dosing based on pharmacokinetic modeling
Storage
Dry: Store at room temperature; protect from moisture and light
Contraindications
Known hypersensitivity to icotrokinra or any excipient; Active serious infections (consistent with immunomodulatory therapy guidelines)F; No clinically significant drug interactions have been identified in clinical tri; Live vaccines should be avoided during treatment, consistent with recomm
Research status
Phase 3
FDA status
Not approved
Legal status
US: Investigational
Research evidence
high
Indications
Moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis (adults and adolescents 12+); Scalp and genital psoriasis (high-impact sites); Ulcerative colitis (Phase 2b, under investigation)
Chemical data
CAS 2763602-16-8 · C90H120N20O22S2 · 1898.19 Da
Amino acids
160 aa

OS-01

aka Peptide 14, Peptide 14, OneSkin Peptide, Decapeptide-52

ModeratePreclinical

How it works: OS-01 (Peptide 14, Decapeptide-52) is the first commercialized senotherapeutic peptide, developed by OneSkin and available in topical skincare formulations. It targets cellular senescence by modulating protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), reducing senescence markers including p16INK4a, and promoting DNA repair pathways. Published clinical trials demonstrate improvements in skin barrier function, hydrati

Topical skin rejuvenation (cosmetic product); Skin barrier function improvement; Reduction of visible signs of skin aging

Administration

Topical

Timing

Apply to clean skin before moisturizer; morning and evening

Cycle length

Ongoing (minimum 8-12 weeks for results)Step-wise Titration

Half-life
Not publicly reported
Contraindications
Known allergy to any component of the OneSkin formulation; Open wounds or severely damaged skin (not studied in this population)Frequency d; No drug interactions have been formally studied for topical OS-01 formulations👥
Research status
Preclinical
FDA status
Not approved
Legal status
US: Preclinical Research
Research evidence
low
Indications
Topical skin rejuvenation (cosmetic product); Skin barrier function improvement; Reduction of visible signs of skin aging
Amino acids
10 aa

Example stacks

Beginner

Skin & Collagen - Beginner

Topical GHK-Cu serum is the most accessible entry point - no injections, widely available, and decades of evidence behind it.

Primary
GHK-Cu topicalFew drops AM + PM - After cleansing, before moisturizer
  • • Apply to clean dry skin after cleansing
  • • Use AM and PM consistently
  • • Choose a serum with GHK-Cu listed as a primary active
Intermediate

Skin & Collagen - Intermediate

Systemic GHK-Cu via injection delivers peptide throughout the whole body. Combined with Epithalon it addresses skin aging from both structural and cellular angles.

Primary
GHK-Cu1 mg/day - Daily subcutaneous
Support
Epithalon5 mg/day - Before bed
  • • Rotate injection sites for daily GHK-Cu
  • • Take before and after photos at weeks 0, 4, 8, 12
  • • Combine systemic with topical GHK-Cu

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